光子探测器在验证泡利不相容原理的VIP2实验中的应用
Application of photon detectors in the VIP2 experiment to test the Pauli Exclusion Principle
摘要：
泡利不相容原理（PEP）是由奥地利物理学家沃尔夫冈·泡利在1925年提出的。从那时起，几个实验已经验证了它的有效性。从2006年到2010年，VIP（泡利原理的VIOLATION）实验在LNGS地下实验室获取数据以测试PEP。该实验寻找铜中的电子2p到1s跃迁，其中2个电子在跃迁发生之前处于1s状态。这些转换违反PEP。缺乏对来自这些跃迁的X射线光子的检测导致违反$4.7 \times 10^{-29}$的PEP的初步上限。目前，后续实验VIP 2正在筹备中。主要的改进是，一方面，使用硅漂移探测器（SDD）作为X射线光子探测器。在另一侧实施有源屏蔽，其由通过硅光电倍增器（SiPM）读取的塑料闪烁体条组成。这些探测器的使用将使违反PEP的上限提高约2个数量级。
英文摘要：
The Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) was introduced by the austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1925. Since then, several experiments have checked its validity. From 2006 until 2010, the VIP (VIolation of the Pauli Principle) experiment took data at the LNGS underground laboratory to test the PEP. This experiment looked for electronic 2p to 1s transitions in copper, where 2 electrons are in the 1s state before the transition happens. These transitions violate the PEP. The lack of detection of X-ray photons coming from these transitions resulted in a preliminary upper limit for the violation of the PEP of $4.7 \times 10^{-29}$. Currently, the successor experiment VIP2 is under preparation. The main improvements are, on one side, the use of Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) as X-ray photon detectors. On the other side an active shielding is implemented, which consists of plastic scintillator bars read by Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). The employment of these detectors will improve the upper limit for the violation of the PEP by around 2 orders of magnitude.
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