一种新的重建各向异性Cosmic-Ray的极大似然法
A New Maximum-Likelihood Technique for Reconstructing Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy at All Angular Scales
摘要：
TeV-PeV宇宙射线的到达方向显示出微弱但显著的各向异性，相对强度为千分之一。由于各向异性很小，定量研究需要仔细地从观测中分离探测器效应。我们讨论了一个迭代的极大似然重建，同时适合宇宙射线各向异性和探测器接受。该方法不依赖于探测器模拟，并提供了一个最佳的各向异性重建位于中纬度的地基宇宙射线观测站。它特别适合于恢复偶极各向异性，这是一个重要的观测研究宇宙射线在我们的银河系中的扩散。我们还提供了一般的分析方法，恢复大型和小型的各向异性，考虑到系统的影响，地面探测器的观察。
英文摘要：
The arrival directions of TeV-PeV cosmic rays show weak but significant anisotropies with relative intensities at the level of one per mille. Due to the smallness of the anisotropies, quantitative studies require careful disentanglement of detector effects from the observation. We discuss an iterative maximum-likelihood reconstruction that simultaneously fits cosmic ray anisotropies and detector acceptance. The method does not rely on detector simulations and provides an optimal anisotropy reconstruction for ground-based cosmic ray observatories located in the middle latitudes. It is particularly well suited to the recovery of the dipole anisotropy, which is a crucial observable for the study of cosmic ray diffusion in our Galaxy. We also provide general analysis methods for recovering large- and small-scale anisotropies that take into account systematic effects of the observation by ground-based detectors.
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