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arXiv 1601.07595astro-ph.EP
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已知行星系中长周期气体巨行星的统计

Statistics of Long Period Gas Giant Planets in Known Planetary Systems

Marta L. Bryan, Heather A. Knutson, Andrew W. Howard, Henry Ngo, Konstantin Batygin, Justin R. Crepp, B. J. Fulton, Sasha Hinkley, Howard Isaacson, John A. John… 展开作者

Marta L. Bryan, Heather A. Knutson, Andrew W. Howard, Henry Ngo, Konstantin Batygin, Justin R. Crepp, B. J. Fulton, Sasha Hinkley, Howard Isaacson, John A. Johnson, Geoffry W. Marcy, Jason T. Wright

摘要:

我们在凯克进行了多普勒调查,结合NIRC 2 K波段AO成像,以寻找123个已知系外行星系统的大规模长周期伴星,其中使用径向速度(RV)方法检测到一颗或两颗行星。我们的调查对样本中大多数恒星的木星质量行星敏感到20 AU,我们报告发现了8颗新的长周期行星,此外还有20个具有统计学显著RV趋势的系统,表明存在超过5 AU的外伴星。我们结合我们的RV观测AO成像,以确定这些同伴的允许质量和轨道间距的范围,并考虑到我们的样本中的恒星之间的同伴在我们的灵敏度的变化。我们估计,在1 - 20 M_Jup和5 - 20 AU的范围内,我们样品中同伴的总出现率为52 +/-5%。我们的数据还表明,在这些系统中,超过3-10 AU的气体巨行星的频率正在下降,而早期的研究发现巨行星的频率在0.01-3 AU范围内上升。这意味着气体巨行星的频率在3-10天文单位之间达到峰值,或者这些系统中的外部伴星具有与整体气体巨行星人口不同的半长轴分布。我们的研究结果还表明,热气体巨星可能比冷气体巨星更有可能有一个外伴星。我们发现,行星与外部的同伴有更高的平均偏心率比他们的单一同行,这表明行星之间的动力学相互作用可能在这些系统中发挥重要作用。

英文摘要:

We conducted a Doppler survey at Keck combined with NIRC2 K-band AO imaging to search for massive, long-period companions to 123 known exoplanet systems with one or two planets detected using the radial velocity (RV) method. Our survey is sensitive to Jupiter mass planets out to 20 AU for a majority of stars in our sample, and we report the discovery of eight new long-period planets, in addition to 20 systems with statistically significant RV trends indicating the presence of an outer companion beyond 5 AU. We combine our RV observations with AO imaging to determine the range of allowed masses and orbital separations for these companions, and account for variations in our sensitivity to companions among stars in our sample. We estimate the total occurrence rate of companions in our sample to be 52 +/- 5% over the range 1 - 20 M_Jup and 5 - 20 AU. Our data also suggest a declining frequency for gas giant planets in these systems beyond 3-10 AU, in contrast to earlier studies that found a rising frequency for giant planets in the range 0.01-3 AU. This suggests either that the frequency of gas giant planets peaks between 3-10 AU, or that outer companions in these systems have a different semi-major axis distribution than the overall gas giant planet population. Our results also suggest that hot gas giants may be more likely to have an outer companion than cold gas giants. We find that planets with an outer companion have higher average eccentricities than their single counterparts, suggesting that dynamical interactions between planets may play an important role in these systems.

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