外部驱动的宏观系统：动力学与热力学
Externally driven macroscopic systems: Dynamics versus Thermodynamics
摘要：
在外部驱动系统的介观动力学建模中收集的经验表明，没有可能发挥平衡或非平衡热力学势作用的势，但它们的热动力学模型通常被发现提供了很好的描述，很好的理解，并与实验观察结果一致的预测。这一明显的矛盾是解释注意到，在一个给定的介观水平的描述的动态和类似的mathics-like调查没有直接关系。它们的关系是间接的。它们都在更微观的描述层次上代表了动态建模的两个方面。热力学分析是在研究更微观的动力学如何还原为介观动力学（还原动力学）的过程中产生的，而介观动力学分析是在研究还原的结果（还原动力学）的过程中产生的。
英文摘要：
Experience collected in mesoscopic dynamic modeling of externally driven systems indicates absence of potentials that could play role of equilibrium or nonequilibrium thermodynamic potentials yet their thermo-dynamics-like modeling is often found to provide a good description, good understanding, and predictions that agree with results of experimental observations. This apparent contradiction is explained by noting that the dynamic and the thermodynamics-like investigations on a given mesoscopic level of description are not directly related. Their relation is indirect. They both represent two aspects of dynamic modeling on a more microscopic level of description. The thermodynamic analysis arises in the investigation of the way the more microscopic dynamics reduces to the mesoscopic dynamics (reducing dynamics) and the mesoscopic dynamic analysis in the investigation of the result of the reduction (reduced dynamics).
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