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arXiv 1601.04083stat.MEstat.AP
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治疗时间未知的观察性研究

Observational studies with unknown time of treatment

Guillaume W. Basse, Alexander Volfovsky, Edoardo M. Airoldi

摘要:

时间在因果分析中起着重要作用,其目标是量化特定治疗对未来结果的影响。在随机实验中,治疗时间和观察结果的时间通常是明确定义的。在观察性研究中,治疗时间标志着治疗前变量必须被视为结果的时间点,并且通常很容易确定。出于自然的实验在网络营销,我们考虑的情况下,有用的概念化的实验背后的观察性研究的兴趣导致不确定性的确定时间,在其中个别治疗发生。有趣的是,该国几个地区的大雪对在线搜索电池的日常措施的因果影响,然后购买。现有的数据提供了关于实际降雪的信息,而自然处理则是对未观测到的大雪的预测。在这篇文章中,我们介绍了正式的假设和推理方法围绕一个新的概念,合理的治疗时间。这些方法使我们能够在治疗时间未知的观察性研究中明确界定最后一次合理的治疗时间,并最终在这种情况下产生有效的因果估计。

英文摘要:

Time plays a fundamental role in causal analyses, where the goal is to quantify the effect of a specific treatment on future outcomes. In a randomized experiment, times of treatment, and when outcomes are observed, are typically well defined. In an observational study, treatment time marks the point from which pre-treatment variables must be regarded as outcomes, and it is often straightforward to establish. Motivated by a natural experiment in online marketing, we consider a situation where useful conceptualizations of the experiment behind an observational study of interest lead to uncertainty in the determination of times at which individual treatments take place. Of interest is the causal effect of heavy snowfall in several parts of the country on daily measures of online searches for batteries, and then purchases. The data available give information on actual snowfall, whereas the natural treatment is the anticipation of heavy snowfall, which is not observed. In this article, we introduce formal assumptions and inference methodology centered around a novel notion of plausible time of treatment. These methods allow us to explicitly bound the last plausible time of treatment in observational studies with unknown times of treatment, and ultimately yield valid causal estimates in such situations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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