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arXiv 2001.06483stat.MEstat.AP
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二元结局观察性研究中多种治疗的因果效应估计

Estimation of Causal Effects of Multiple Treatments in Observational Studies with a Binary Outcome

Liangyuan Hu, Chenyang Gu, Michael Lopez, Jiayi Ji, Juan Wisnivesky

摘要:

当结果是二元的时,缺乏可靠的方法来估计多种治疗的因果效应。本文使用了两套独特的模拟,提出并评估使用贝叶斯加性回归树(BART)在这样的设置。首先,我们比较BART的几种方法,已经提出了连续的结果,包括治疗加权的逆概率(IPTW),有针对性的极大似然估计(TMLE),向量匹配和回归调整。结果表明,在治疗分配和结果产生机制的非线性和非加性条件下,BART,TMLE和IPTW使用广义提升模型(GBM)提供更好的偏倚减少和更小的均方误差。BART和TMLE提供了更一致的95% CI覆盖率和更好的大样本收敛特性。其次,我们提供BART的策略,以确定一个共同的支持区域,保留推理单位,并避免外推的协变量空间的共同支持不存在的地区。BART比基于广义倾向得分的策略保留更多的推理单位,并且在协变量重叠程度不同的各种情况下,与TMLE或GBM相比,显示出较低的偏倚。一个案例研究检查三种手术方法对非小细胞肺癌的影响,证明了方法。

英文摘要:

There is a dearth of robust methods to estimate the causal effects of multiple treatments when the outcome is binary. This paper uses two unique sets of simulations to propose and evaluate the use of Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) in such settings. First, we compare BART to several approaches that have been proposed for continuous outcomes, including inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), targeted maximum likelihood estimator (TMLE), vector matching and regression adjustment. Results suggest that under conditions of non-linearity and non-additivity of both the treatment assignment and outcome generating mechanisms, BART, TMLE and IPTW using generalized boosted models (GBM) provide better bias reduction and smaller root mean squared error. BART and TMLE provide more consistent 95 per cent CI coverage and better large-sample convergence property. Second, we supply BART with a strategy to identify a common support region for retaining inferential units and for avoiding extrapolating over areas of the covariate space where common support does not exist. BART retains more inferential units than the generalized propensity score based strategy, and shows lower bias, compared to TMLE or GBM, in a variety of scenarios differing by the degree of covariate overlap. A case study examining the effects of three surgical approaches for non-small cell lung cancer demonstrates the methods.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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