斯巴鲁Hyper Suprime-Cam瞬态测量的快速上升瞬态
Rapidly Rising Transients from Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Transient Survey
摘要：
我们提出了快速上升的瞬变现象发现的高节奏的瞬态调查与斯巴鲁望远镜和超级Suprime-Cam。我们在z=0.384-0.821处发现了五个瞬变现象，表明在近紫外波长的静止框架中，上升速率快于1 mag/天。其快速上升速率和亮度与SN 2010 aq和PS 1 - 13 arp最为相似，后者在爆发后几天内就出现了紫外辐射。假设快速上升的持续时间为1天，则快速上升瞬变事件发生率的下限约为核心坍缩超新星发生率的9%。结果表明，这三个暗天体的光变曲线与红超巨星爆炸产生的冷却包层辐射一致。然而，其他两个发光物体比冷却包层发射更亮，更快。我们认为这两个天体是由质量损失率为~10^{-3} Msun yr^{-1}的密风爆发的激波，这也是对PS1- 13 arp的推测。这种质量损失率比通常观察到的红超巨星要高。这些发光物体的事件率>~ 1%的核心坍缩超新星率，因此，我们的研究意味着超过~ 1%的大质量恒星可以在爆炸前几年经历强烈的质量损失。
英文摘要：
We present rapidly rising transients discovered by a high-cadence transient survey with Subaru telescope and Hyper Suprime-Cam. We discovered five transients at z=0.384-0.821 showing the rising rate faster than 1 mag per 1 day in the restframe near-ultraviolet wavelengths. The fast rising rate and brightness are the most similar to SN 2010aq and PS1-13arp, for which the ultraviolet emission within a few days after the shock breakout was detected. The lower limit of the event rate of rapidly rising transients is ~9 % of core-collapse supernova rates, assuming a duration of rapid rise to be 1 day. We show that the light curves of the three faint objects agree with the cooling envelope emission from the explosion of red supergiants. The other two luminous objects are, however, brighter and faster than the cooling envelope emission. We interpret these two objects to be the shock breakout from dense wind with the mass loss rate of ~10^{-3} Msun yr^{-1}, as also proposed for PS1-13arp. This mass loss rate is higher than that typically observed for red supergiants. The event rate of these luminous objects is >~1 % of core-collapse supernova rate, and thus, our study implies that more than ~1 % of massive stars can experience an intensive mass loss at a few years before the explosion.
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