太阳能电池宽带全向减反射膜的优化
Optimization of broadband omnidirectional antireflection coatings for solar cells
摘要：
宽带和全方位的减反射膜是提高太阳能电池效率的一种有效方法，因为反射波和输入波之间的相消干涉可以使吸收层中的透射光最大化。已经开发了几种理论计算来优化抗反射涂层以最大化平均透射率。然而，晴空光谱直射光束在不同位置和时间到达接收器平面上的太阳辐照度变化很大。本文以入射量子效率ηin为评价函数，提出了一种新的减反射膜的理论计算方法。在λ = [300，1100] nm和θ = [0°，90°]范围内，对基多、北京和莫斯科三个城市的两层和三层增透膜进行了优化。两层减反射膜的ηin在这3个城市分别比其他理论计算值提高了0.26%、1.37%和4.24%，这是由于当地实际太阳光谱与量子效率光谱之间的匹配更好。通过数值模拟和与其他优化方法的对比数据表明，蚁群算法与SPCTRL2太阳光谱辐照度相结合的优化方法可以有效地将高效太阳能电池推向更高的量子效率，从而实现更高的太阳辐照度利用效率。
英文摘要：
Broadband and omnidirectional antireflection coating is a generally effective way to improve solar cell efficiency, because the destructive interference between the reflected and input waves could maximize transmission light in the absorption layer. Several theoretical calculations have been developed to optimize the anti-reflective coating to maximize the average transmittance. However, the solar irradiances of the clear sky spectral direct beam on a receiver plane at different positions and times are variable greatly. Here we report a new theoretical calculation of anti-reflective coating with incident quantum efficiency ηin as evaluation function for practical application. The two-layer and three-layer anti-reflective coatings are optimized over λ = [300, 1100] nm and θ = [0°, 90°] for cities of Quito, Beijing and Moscow. The ηin of two-layer anti-reflective coating increases by 0.26%, 1.37% and 4.24% for these 3 cities, respectively, compared with that other theoretical calculations due to better match between the local actual solar spectrum and quantum efficiency spectrum. Our numerical simulation and comparison data with other optimization methods suggest that this optimization method combining ant colony algorithm method with SPCTRL2 solar spectral irradiance can effectively push the efficient solar cell toward higher quantum efficiency, thus enabling high utilization efficiency of solar irradiance.
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