准理想气体中滑移和边界层的纳米机械振荡器研究
Slippage and boundary layer probed in an almost-ideal gas by a nano-mechanical oscillator
摘要：
我们已经测量了在4.2 $~$ K的$^4$ He气体和高质量的纳米机电弦设备之间的相互作用，其前3个对称模式（谐振在2.2 $~$ MHz，6.7 $~$ MHz和11 $~$ MHz，品质因数$Q > 0.1$ million）超过近6个数量级的压力。这种流体可以被看作是一个几乎理想的单原子和惰性气体的最佳实验实施，其属性列表。实验的范围从高压的流动是层流斯托克斯型的滑移，下降到非常低的压力下的流动是分子。在分子制度，当平均自由程的顺序之间的距离悬浮的纳米机械探针和沟槽的底部，我们第一次解决的边界（克努森）层的签名到测量的耗散。我们的研究结果进行了讨论的最新的理论调查流体中的边界效应（分析方法和蒙特卡罗DSMC模拟）的框架。
英文摘要：
We have measured the interaction between $^4$He gas at 4.2$~$K and a high-quality nano-electro-mechanical string device for its first 3 symmetric modes (resonating at 2.2$~$MHz, 6.7$~$MHz and 11$~$MHz with quality factor $Q > 0.1$ million) over almost 6 orders of magnitude in pressure. This fluid can be viewed as the best experimental implementation of an almost-ideal monoatomic and inert gas which properties are tabulated. The experiment ranges from high pressure where the flow is of laminar Stokes-type presenting slippage, down to very low pressures where the flow is molecular. In the molecular regime, when the mean-free-path is of the order of the distance between the suspended nano-mechanical probe and the bottom of the trench we resolve for the first time the signature of the boundary (Knudsen) layer onto the measured dissipation. Our results are discussed in the framework of the most recent theories investigating boundary effects in fluids (both analytic approaches and Monte-Carlo DSMC simulations).
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