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arXiv 1511.04084physics.comp-phcond-mat.str-el
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费米子量子蒙特卡罗计算中的无穷方差

Infinite Variance in Fermion Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations

Hao Shi, Shiwei Zhang

摘要:

对于重要的多费米子问题,量子蒙特卡罗(QMC)方法允许精确计算基态和有限温度性质,而没有符号问题。这个列表涵盖了凝聚态、核物理和高能物理,包括半满排斥哈伯德模型、自旋平衡原子费米气体、零密度下用威尔逊费米子进行的格点量子色动力学计算,并且随着最近发现的一些问题不受符号问题的影响而迅速增长。在这些情况下,QMC计算依赖于提供明确的答案。他们的结果有助于我们理解和计算量子物理多个子领域重要的基本模型的特性。然而,它示出,在这种情况下,最常用的算法原来有一个无限的方差问题。发散的方差会导致估计的Monte Carlo统计误差条不正确,这会导致计算结果不可靠或无意义。我们讨论如何识别无穷方差问题。然后提出了一种方法来解决这个问题。该解决方案不需要对标准算法进行重大修改,只需要在时间路径积分中添加一个"桥链接”。一般的想法是适用于各种情况下,无限的方差问题可能存在。说明性的结果,在半填充的哈伯德模型的基态。

英文摘要:

For important classes of many-fermion problems, quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods allow exact calculations of ground-state and finite-temperature properties, without the sign problem. The list spans condensed matter, nuclear physics, and high-energy physics, including the half-filled repulsive Hubbard model, the spin-balanced atomic Fermi gas, lattice QCD calculations at zero density with Wilson Fermions, and is growing rapidly as a number of problems have been discovered recently to be free of the sign problem. In these situations, QMC calculations are relied upon to provide definitive answers. Their results are instrumental to our ability to understand and compute properties in fundamental models important to multiple sub-areas in quantum physics. It is shown, however, that the most commonly employed algorithms in such situations turn out to have an infinite variance problem. A diverging variance causes the estimated Monte Carlo statistical error bar to be incorrect, which can render the results of the calculation unreliable or meaningless. We discuss how to identify the infinite variance problem. An approach is then proposed to solve the problem. The solution does not require major modifications to standard algorithms, adding a ``bridge link" to the imaginary-time path-integral. The general idea is applicable to a variety of situations where the infinite variance problem may be present. Illustrative results are presented for the ground state of the Hubbard model at half-filling.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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