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arXiv 1510.02467cond-mat.stat-mechmath.DSnlin.CDphysics.hist-ph
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重新思考玻尔兹曼平衡

Rethinking Boltzmannian Equilibrium

Charlotte Werndl, Roman Frigg

AI总结:

本文重新审视玻尔兹曼平衡态的认定依据,指出传统论证的不足,提出将平衡态定义为系统停留时间最长的宏观态,并证明其对应最大宏观区域,且推导不依赖动力学假设。

摘要:

玻尔兹曼统计力学将系统的相空间划分为多个宏观区域,其中最大的区域被认定为平衡态。是什么证明了这一认定的合理性?常见的回答聚焦于玻尔兹曼的组合论证、麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布以及最大熵考量。我们认为这些回答均不成立,并提出一个新的解答。我们将平衡态刻画为系统在其中度过大部分时间的宏观态,并证明一个新定理,确立如此定义的平衡态对应于最大的宏观区域。我们的推导完全一般化,不依赖于关于动力学或内部相互作用的假设。

英文摘要:

Boltzmannian statistical mechanics partitions the phase space of a system into macro-regions, and the largest of these is identified with equilibrium. What justifies this identification? Common answers focus on Boltzmann's combinatorial argument, the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, and maximum entropy considerations. We argue that they fail and present a new answer. We characterise equilibrium as the macrostate in which a system spends most of its time and prove a new theorem establishing that equilibrium thus defined corresponds to the largest macro-region. Our derivation is completely general, and does not rely on assumptions about the dynamics or internal interactions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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