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arXiv 1509.07232cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.supr-con
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超冷费米气体的Specific heat和对涨落对BCS-BEC交叉区的影响

Specific heat and effects of pairing fluctuations in the BCS-BEC crossover regime of an ultracold Fermi gas

Pieter van Wyk, Hiroyuki Tajima, Ryo Hanai, Yoji Ohashi

摘要:

研究了超冷费米气体在超流相变温度以上BCS(Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer)-BEC(玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚)过渡区的定容比热$C_V$($T_{\rm c}$).在由Nozières和Schmitt-Rink发展的强耦合理论的框架内,我们证明了这个热力学量对预形成的Cooper对的稳定性是敏感的。也就是说,虽然$C_V(T\gesim T_{\rm c})$在幺正状态下被{ \it亚稳}预形成的库珀对或配对涨落显著增强,但它在强耦合BEC状态下被长寿命{ \it稳定}分子的理想玻色气体很好地描述。利用这些结果,我们确定的区域,该系统可以被视为一个几乎理想的玻色气体的稳定对,以及赝隙制度,该系统是由亚稳态预制库珀对占主导地位,在超冷费米气体的相图相对于配对相互作用的强度和温度。我们还表明,计算的比热同意最近的实验$^6$锂酉费米气体。由于预形成的库珀对是一个关键的关键BCS-BEC交叉现象,我们的研究结果将有助于考虑如何波动的预形成的库珀对出现在费米气体,最终成为稳定的,因为一个通过BCS-BEC交叉区域。

英文摘要:

We investigate the specific heat at constant volume $C_V$ in the BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer)-BEC (Bose-Einstein condensation) crossover regime of an ultracold Fermi gas above the superfluid phase transition temperature $T_{\rm c}$. Within the framework of the strong-coupling theory developed by Nozières and Schmitt-Rink, we show that this thermodynamic quantity is sensitive to the stability of preformed Cooper pairs. That is, while $C_V(T\gesim T_{\rm c})$ in the unitary regime is remarkably enhanced by {\it metastable} preformed Cooper pairs or pairing fluctuations, it is well described by that of an ideal Bose gas of long-lived {\it stable} molecules in the strong-coupling BEC regime. Using these results, we identify the region where the system may be viewed as an almost ideal Bose gas of stable pairs, as well as the pseudogap regime where the system is dominated by metastable preformed Cooper pairs, in the phase diagram of an ultracold Fermi gas with respect to the strength of a pairing interaction and the temperature. We also show that the calculated specific heat agrees with the recent experiment on a $^6$Li unitary Fermi gas. Since the formation of preformed Cooper pairs is a crucial key in the BCS-BEC crossover phenomenon, our results would be helpful in considering how fluctuating preformed Cooper pairs appear in a Fermi gas, to eventually become stable, as one passes through the BCS-BEC crossover region.

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