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arXiv 1509.01699astro-ph.COgr-qc
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广义相对论与宇宙结构形成

General relativity and cosmic structure formation

Julian Adamek, David Daverio, Ruth Durrer, Martin Kunz

摘要:

数值模拟是一个多功能的工具,提供洞察宇宙学中的结构形成的复杂过程。这一过程主要受重力控制,重力是大尺度上的主导力。到目前为止,在广义相对论形成一个世纪之后,结构形成的数字代码仍然采用牛顿引力定律。这种近似依赖于两个假设,即引力场很弱,并且它们只来源于非相对论性物质。虽然前者在宇宙学尺度上看起来是合理的,但后者对宇宙的“暗”成分(暗物质和暗能量)的性质施加了限制,然而,人们对这些成分的理解却很少。在这里,我们提出了第一个模拟宇宙结构的形成,使用一贯来自广义相对论的方程。我们详细研究了标准ΛCDM宇宙学中的小相对论效应,这在纯牛顿框架内是无法得到的。我们的粒子网格N体代码计算所有六个度的自由度的度量和一致的解决了测地线方程的粒子,考虑到相对论性的潜力和框架拖曳力。这种概念清晰的方法非常普遍,可以应用于牛顿近似失败或变得不准确的各种设置,从动态暗能量或暖/热暗物质到核心坍缩超新星爆炸的模型模拟。

英文摘要:

Numerical simulations are a versatile tool providing insight into the complicated process of structure formation in cosmology. This process is mainly governed by gravity, which is the dominant force on large scales. To date, a century after the formulation of general relativity, numerical codes for structure formation still employ Newton's law of gravitation. This approximation relies on the two assumptions that gravitational fields are weak and that they are only sourced by non-relativistic matter. While the former appears well justified on cosmological scales, the latter imposes restrictions on the nature of the "dark" components of the Universe (dark matter and dark energy) which are, however, poorly understood. Here we present the first simulations of cosmic structure formation using equations consistently derived from general relativity. We study in detail the small relativistic effects for a standard ΛCDM cosmology which cannot be obtained within a purely Newtonian framework. Our particle-mesh N-body code computes all six degrees of freedom of the metric and consistently solves the geodesic equation for particles, taking into account the relativistic potentials and the frame-dragging force. This conceptually clean approach is very general and can be applied to various settings where the Newtonian approximation fails or becomes inaccurate, ranging from simulations of models with dynamical dark energy or warm/hot dark matter to core collapse supernova explosions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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