可充纳米电池用剪切剥离型磷烯
Shear-Exfoliated Phosphorene for Rechargeable Nanoscale Battery
摘要：
原子薄的黑磷（称为磷烯）的发现有望用作石墨烯和过渡金属二硫属化物的替代二维材料，特别是作为锂离子电池（LIB）的阳极材料。然而，目前散装黑磷（BP）仍然遭受快速容量衰减，这导致差的可再充电性能。在这里，我们第一次使用原位透射电子显微镜（TEM）构建纳米级磷烯LIB和可视化的能力衰减机制厚多层磷烯实时捕获脱锂诱导的结构分解，降低电导率，从而导致锂化Li 3 P相的不可逆性。我们进一步证明，少层磷烯成功地规避了结构分解，并拥有优越的结构可折叠性，即使受到多循环锂化/脱锂过程和随之而来的巨大体积膨胀。这一发现提供了新的实验见解，厚度依赖的锂在磷烯扩散动力学。此外，已经开发了一种可扩展的液相剪切剥离路线，仅通过具有剪切速率阈值的高速剪切混合器甚至家用厨房搅拌机来生产高质量的单层或少层磷烯，这将为可充电磷烯纳米电池将来可以转移到工业化放大后在LIB中的潜在大规模应用铺平道路。
英文摘要：
Discovery of atomically thin black phosphorus (called phosphorene) holds promise to be used as an alternative two-dimensional material to graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides especially as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, at present bulk black phosphorus (BP) still suffers from rapid capacity fading that results in poor rechargeable performance. Here, for the first time, we use in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to construct nanoscale phosphorene LIBs and visualize the capacity fading mechanism in thick multilayer phosphorene by real time capturing delithiation-induced structural decomposition that reduces electrical conductivity and thus causes irreversibility of lithiated Li3P phase. We further demonstrate that few-layer phosphorene successfully circumvents the structural decomposition and holds superior structural restorability, even subjected to multi-cycle lithiation/delithiation processes and concomitant huge volume expansion. This finding affords new experimental insights into thickness-dependent lithium diffusion kinetics in phosphorene. Additionally, a scalable liquid-phase shear exfoliation route has been developed to produce high-quality ultrathin (monolayer or few-layer) phosphorene, only by a high-speed shear mixer or even a household kitchen blender with the shear rate threshold, which will pave the way for potential large-scale applications in LIBs once the rechargeable phosphorene nanoscale batteries can be transferred to industrialized enlargement in the future.
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