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arXiv 1508.07366astro-ph.CO
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作为重力测试的团簇气体分数

Cluster gas fraction as a test of gravity

Baojiu Li, Jian-hua He, Liang Gao

摘要:

利用观测到的大质量星系团中X射线发射气体的质量分数,提出了一种新的引力宇宙学检验方法。星系团气体部分,被认为是宇宙中平均重子部分的一个公平样本,是一个很好理解的观测值,以前主要用于限制背景宇宙学。在一些修正的重力模型中,例如$f(R)$重力模型,大质量星系团中的气体温度是由该星系团的有效质量决定的,有效质量可能大于其真实质量。另一方面,X射线光度是由真实的气体密度决定的,在修正的重力和$Λ$ CDM模型中,真实的气体密度主要取决于$Ω_{\rm b}/Ω_{\rm m}$,因此也取决于真实的星系团总质量。因此,结合星团的气体温度和X射线表面亮度来推断它们的气体分数的标准做法,在修正的重力模型中,会导致更大的$Ω_{\rm b}/Ω_{\rm m}$值-在$f(R)$重力中,这可能是$1/3$更大-比从其他观测(如CMB)推断的$Ω_{\rm b}/Ω_{\rm m}$值更大。一个快速的计算表明,带有$|\bar{f}_{R0}|=3\sim5\times10^{-5}$的Hu-Sawicki $n=1$ $f(R)$模型与Allen等人(2008)分析的42个星系团的气体分数数据相矛盾。我们还讨论了其他修改的重力模型的影响。

英文摘要:

We propose a new cosmological test of gravity, by using the observed mass fraction of X-ray emitting gas in massive galaxy clusters. The cluster gas fraction, believed to be a fair sample of the average baryon fraction in the Universe, is a well-understood observable, which has previously mainly been used to constrain background cosmology. In some modified gravity models, such as $f(R)$ gravity, gas temperature in a massive cluster is determined by the effective mass of that cluster, which can be larger than its true mass. On the other hand, X-ray luminosity is determined by the true gas density, which in both modified gravity and $Λ$CDM models depends mainly on $Ω_{\rm b}/Ω_{\rm m}$ and hence the true total cluster mass. As a result, the standard practice of combining gas temperatures and X-ray surface brightnesses of clusters to infer their gas fractions can, in modified gravity models, lead to a larger - in $f(R)$ gravity this can be $1/3$ larger - value of $Ω_{\rm b}/Ω_{\rm m}$ than that inferred from other observations such as the CMB. A quick calculation shows that the Hu-Sawicki $n=1$ $f(R)$ model with $|\bar{f}_{R0}|=3\sim5\times10^{-5}$ is in tension with the gas fraction data of the 42 clusters analysed by Allen et al. (2008). We also discuss the implications for other modified gravity models.

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