使用掩埋ITO层的用于高电场产生的透明电极
Transparent Electrodes for High E-Field Production Using A Buried ITO Layer
摘要：
我们提出了一种光学透明电极的设计和表征，适用于原子和分子物理实验，需要高的光学访问。电极可以在标准大气压下的空气中操作，并且即使对于远超过空气的介电击穿的电场也不会遭受电击穿。这是通过将ITO涂覆的电介质基板放置在电介质基板的堆叠内来实现的，这防止了由汤森放电引起的离子雪崩。通过这种设计，我们观察到在高达120 kV/cm的电场下没有电弧。利用这些板，我们通过光谱测量激光冷却的铷原子云的$5^2S_{1/2} \rightarrow 5^2P_{3/2}$跃迁的直流斯塔克位移，直接验证了在石英真空池中产生的高达18 kV/cm的电场。我们还报告了屏蔽的电场和残留的电场内的真空电池，一旦电极放电。此外，我们还讨论了观察到的原子损失，结果从运动的自由电荷在真空中。观察到的这些现象的不对称性的偏置的电极表明，场发射的电子在真空中是主要负责这些影响，并可能表明减轻它们的方式。
英文摘要：
We present a design and characterization of optically transparent electrodes suitable for atomic and molecular physics experiments where high optical access is required. The electrodes can be operated in air at standard atmospheric pressure and do not suffer electrical breakdown even for electric fields far exceeding the dielectric breakdown of air. This is achieved by putting an ITO coated dielectric substrate inside a stack of dielectric substrates, which prevents ion avalanche resulting from Townsend discharge. With this design, we observe no arcing for fields of up to 120 kV/cm. Using these plates, we directly verify the production of electric fields up to 18~kV/cm inside a quartz vacuum cell by a spectroscopic measurement of the dc Stark shift of the $5^2S_{1/2} \rightarrow 5^2P_{3/2}$ transition for a cloud of laser cooled Rubidium atoms. We also report on the shielding of the electric field and residual electric fields that persist within the vacuum cell once the electrodes are discharged. In addition, we discuss observed atom loss that results from the motion of free charges within the vacuum. The observed asymmetry of these phenomena on the bias of the electrodes suggests that field emission of electrons within the vacuum is primarily responsible for these effects and may indicate a way of mitigating them.
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