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arXiv 1508.02584astro-ph.GA
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晕光与暗:恒星晕的动力学模型和对银河系质量的限制

Haloes light and dark: dynamical models of the stellar halo and constraints on the mass of the Galaxy

A. A. Williams, N. W. Evans

摘要:

我们开发了一套灵活的基于作用的分布函数(DF)的恒星晕。该结构具有五个自由参数,分别控制内、外密度斜率、破裂半径、平坦度和各向异性。DF产生的扁平恒星晕具有快速变化的密度对数斜率,以及一个长轴指向银河系中心的球形速度椭球-所有这些属性都是银河系恒星晕所拥有的。我们使用我们的行动为基础的分布函数建模的蓝色水平分支恒星从斯隆数字巡天作为恒星晕示踪剂在一个球形的银河系的潜力。由于选择函数很难建模,我们固定了早期研究中的密度定律,并求解了各向异性和引力势参数。我们的最佳拟合模型具有速度各向异性,在向外移动时变得更加径向各向异性。它从银心半径为15千秒差距的$β\approx 0.4$变为60千秒差距的$\approx 0.7$。这是一个温和的增加比通常发现在模拟恒星晕建立从多重吸积较小的系统。我们发现,在这些距离的潜力对应于一个几乎平坦的旋转曲线的振幅为$\approx 200$公里$^{-1}$。这意味着半径为50 kpc的球壳内有一个封闭的$\approx 4.5 \times 10^{11} M_\odot$质量。

英文摘要:

We develop a flexible set of action-based distribution functions (DFs) for stellar haloes. The DFs have five free parameters, controlling the inner and outer density slope, break radius, flattening and anisotropy respectively. The DFs generate flattened stellar haloes with a rapidly varying logarithmic slope in density, as well as a spherically aligned velocity ellipsoid with a long axis that points towards the Galactic centre - all attributes possessed by the stellar halo of the Milky Way. We use our action-based distribution function to model the blue horizontal branch stars extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey as stellar halo tracers in a spherical Galactic potential. As the selection function is hard to model, we fix the density law from earlier studies and solve for the anisotropy and gravitational potential parameters. Our best fit model has a velocity anisotropy that becomes more radially anisotropic on moving outwards. It changes from $β\approx 0.4$ at Galactocentric radius of 15 kpc to $\approx 0.7$ at 60 kpc. This is a gentler increase than is typically found in simulations of stellar haloes built from the mutiple accretion of smaller systems. We find the potential corresponds to an almost flat rotation curve with amplitude of $\approx 200$ kms$^{-1}$ at these distances. This implies an enclosed mass of $\approx 4.5 \times 10^{11} M_\odot$ within a spherical shell of radius 50 kpc.

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