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arXiv 1507.05985astro-ph.HE
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2004年大耀斑之后SGR 1806-20的XMM-牛顿观测

XMM-Newton observations of SGR 1806-20 over seven years following the 2004 Giant Flare

G. Younes, C. Kouveliotou, V. M. Kaspi

摘要:

我们报告的14 XMM牛顿观测磁星SGR 1806-20的研究,在8年的时间内,从2003年开始,并延长到2011年。我们发现,在2005年中期,一个巨大的耀斑(GF)后的一年半,对恒星的扭矩增加到最大的值还没有看到,与一个长期的平均率之间的$\lvert\dotν\rvert\approx1.35\times10^{-11}$ Hz s $^{-1}$,一个数量级大于1995年测量的历史水平。在GF之后的观测中,源的脉冲形态是复杂的,而其脉冲分数在所有观测中保持恒定在约$7\%$。从光谱上看,黑体(BB)和幂律(PL)分量的组合非常适合所有观测。BB和PL通量分别增加了2.5和4倍,而光谱硬化,与2004年的主要爆发之前的GF一致。通量呈指数衰减回到平静与$τ\sim1.5$年的特征时间尺度,虽然他们没有达到一个恒定的值,直到至少3.5年后(2009年)。源的长期定时和光谱行为指向负责其各自行为的机制之间的解耦。我们认为,低水平的地震活动造成的小扭曲在开放的领域线可以解释长期持续的大扭矩的明星,而光谱行为是由于扭曲后,2004年大爆发赋予封闭的领域线。

英文摘要:

We report on the study of 14 XMM-Newton observations of the magnetar SGR 1806-20 spread over a period of 8 years, starting in 2003 and extending to 2011. We find that in mid 2005, a year and a half after a giant flare (GF), the torques on the star increased to the largest value yet seen, with a long term average rate between 2005 and 2011 of $\lvert\dotν\rvert\approx1.35\times10^{-11}$ Hz s$^{-1}$, an order of magnitude larger than its historical level measured in 1995. The pulse morphology of the source is complex in the observations following the GF, while its pulsed-fraction remained constant at about $7\%$ in all observations. Spectrally, the combination of a black-body (BB) and power-law (PL) components is an excellent fit to all observations. The BB and PL fluxes increased by a factor of 2.5 and 4, respectively, while the spectra hardened, in concordance with the 2004 major outburst that preceded the GF. The fluxes decayed exponentially back to quiescence with a characteristic time-scale of $τ\sim1.5$ yrs, although they did not reach a constant value until at least 3.5 years later (2009). The long-term timing and spectral behavior of the source point to a decoupling between the mechanisms responsible for their respective behavior. We argue that low level seismic activity causing small twists in the open field lines can explain the long lasting large torques on the star, while the spectral behavior is due to a twist imparted onto closed field lines after the 2004 large outburst.

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