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arXiv 1909.02175astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
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从$Chandra$的观测中没有迹象表明G2的遭遇会影响Sgr A* 的X射线耀斑速率

No sign of G2's encounter affecting Sgr A*'s X-ray flaring rate from $Chandra$ observations

Elie Bouffard, Daryl Haggard, Michael A. Nowak, Joseph Neilsen, Sera Markoff, Frederick K. Baganoff

摘要:

2014年夏天,一个不寻常的物体G2在银河系中心的$4\times10^6$ M $_\odot$超大质量黑洞Sgr A* 周围通过。几个研究小组报告的证据表明,在G2的近心遭遇之后,Sgr A* 的明亮X射线耀斑的速率显着增加。我们的分析仔细处理了来自附近磁中子星的不同通量污染,并且没有使用来自具有不同空间分辨率的多个X射线天文台的数据而引起的复杂性。我们测试的情况下,增加明亮的X射线耀斑率使用大量的数据集从\textit{Chandra X-ray Observatory},唯一的X射线仪器,可以在空间上区分Sgr A* 和附近的银河系中心磁星在整个延长期涵盖G2的遇到与Sgr A*。我们使用来自2012年\textit{Chandra} \textit{X-ray Visionary Program}(XVP)3 Ms观测的X射线数据以及截至2018年的额外1.5 Ms观测数据。我们使用检测到的耀斑,使耀斑性质的分布。使用X射线耀斑的模拟占重要因素,如不同的$Chandra$仪器模式,我们测试的零假设Sgr A* 的明亮(或任何耀斑类别)X射线耀斑率周围不同的电位变化点。与以前的研究相比,我们的结果与零假设是一致的;相同的模型参数产生的分布与观察到的任何合理的变化点周围的分布一致。

英文摘要:

An unusual object, G2, had its pericenter passage around Sgr A*, the $4\times10^6$ M$_\odot$ supermassive black hole in the Galactic Centre, in Summer 2014. Several research teams have reported evidence that following G2's pericenter encounter the rate of Sgr A*'s bright X-ray flares increased significantly. Our analysis carefully treats varying flux contamination from a nearby magnetic neutron star and is free from complications induced by using data from multiple X-ray observatories with different spatial resolutions. We test the scenario of an increased bright X-ray flaring rate using a massive dataset from the \textit{Chandra X-ray Observatory}, the only X-ray instrument that can spatially distinguish between Sgr A* and the nearby Galactic Centre magnetar throughout the full extended period encompassing G2's encounter with Sgr A*. We use X-ray data from the 3 Ms observations of the \textit{Chandra} \textit{X-ray Visionary Program} (XVP) in 2012 as well as an additional 1.5 Ms of observations up to 2018. We use detected flares to make distributions of flare properties. Using simulations of X-ray flares accounting for important factors such as the different $Chandra$ instrument modes, we test the null hypothesis on Sgr A*'s bright (or any flare category) X-ray flaring rate around different potential change points. In contrast to previous studies, our results are consistent with the null hypothesis; the same model parameters produce distributions consistent with the observed ones around any plausible change point.

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