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arXiv 1507.04416q-bio.PEcond-mat.stat-mech
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高维表型空间中基于个体的适应性多样化模型

Individual-Based models for adaptive diversification in high-dimensional phenotype spaces

Iaroslav Ispolatov, Vaibhav Madhok, Michael Doebeli

摘要:

大多数进化多样化理论都基于均衡假设:它们要么基于涉及静态适应度景观的最优性论点,要么假设种群在多样化发生之前首先进化到均衡状态,如适应动力学理论中进化分支点的概念所示。最近的研究结果表明,自适应动力学往往不会收敛到平衡点,而是产生复杂的轨迹,如果进化发生在高维表型空间。即使在复杂的表型空间多样化的一些分析结果是可用的,在一般情况下,研究这个问题,我们需要重建基于个人的模型,从自适应动态产生的非平衡动态。在这里,我们首先提供了一种方法来构建基于个人的模型,使他们忠实地再现给定的自适应动态吸引子没有多样化。然后,我们表明,多样化的倾向可以通过添加高斯竞争项,产生频率依赖性,同时仍然保持相同的自适应动态。对于足够强的竞争,由频率依赖性产生的破坏性选择克服了沿选择梯度的定向进化,并导致与选择梯度正交的表型方向的多样化。

英文摘要:

Most theories of evolutionary diversification are based on equilibrium assumptions: they are either based on optimality arguments involving static fitness landscapes, or they assume that populations first evolve to an equilibrium state before diversification occurs, as exemplified by the concept of evolutionary branching points in adaptive dynamics theory. Recent results indicate that adaptive dynamics may often not converge to equilibrium points and instead generate complicated trajectories if evolution takes place in high-dimensional phenotype spaces. Even though some analytical results on diversification in complex phenotype spaces are available, to study this problem in general we need to reconstruct individual-based models from the adaptive dynamics generating the non-equilibrium dynamics. Here we first provide a method to construct individual-based models such that they faithfully reproduce the given adaptive dynamics attractor without diversification. We then show that a propensity to diversify can by introduced by adding Gaussian competition terms that generate frequency dependence while still preserving the same adaptive dynamics. For sufficiently strong competition, the disruptive selection generated by frequency-dependence overcomes the directional evolution along the selection gradient and leads to diversification in phenotypic directions that are orthogonal to the selection gradient.

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