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arXiv 1507.02569astro-ph.EP
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用1-D光化学模型检验早期火星H2-CO2温室假说

Testing the Early Mars H2-CO2 Greenhouse Hypothesis with a 1-D Photochemical Model

Natasha Batalha, Shawn D. Domagal-Goldman, Ramses Ramirez, James Kasting

摘要:

Ramirez等人(2014年)最近的一项研究表明,大气中含有1.3-4 bar的CO2和H2O,以及5-20%的H2,可以将早期火星的平均年和全球地面温度提高到水的冰点以上。如此温暖的温度似乎是产生降雨(或降雪)量所必需的,这些降雨(或降雪)量是雕刻古代火星山谷所必需的。在这里,我们使用我们最好的估计早期火星放气率,随着1-D光化学模型,以评估CO,CH 4和H2S的转换效率,CO2,SO2和H2。我们的释气估计假设火星在其地壳和内部之间积极地回收挥发物,就像今天的地球一样。还考虑了蛇纹石化和带状铁形成物沉积产生的H2。在这些假设下,维持约1-2%体积的H2浓度是可实现的,但达到5% H2需要额外的H2源或将氢逃逸速率减慢到低于扩散极限。如果火星早期的大气确实富含氢气,我们也许可以在岩石记录中找到证据。这里提出的假设与Curriculum Rover的新数据一致,这些数据显示了在Mt附近的Gale Crater中存在长寿湖泊的证据。点整打这也与测量的火星陨石的氧逸度相一致,这表明随着时间的推移,地幔氧化的证据。

英文摘要:

A recent study by Ramirez et al. (2014) demonstrated that an atmosphere with 1.3-4 bar of CO2 and H2O, in addition to 5-20% H2, could have raised the mean annual and global surface temperature of early Mars above the freezing point of water. Such warm temperatures appear necessary to generate the rainfall (or snowfall) amounts required to carve the ancient martian valleys. Here, we use our best estimates for early martian outgassing rates, along with a 1-D photochemical model, to assess the conversion efficiency of CO, CH4, and H2S to CO2, SO2, and H2. Our outgassing estimates assume that Mars was actively recycling volatiles between its crust and interior, as Earth does today. H2 production from serpentinization and deposition of banded iron-formations is also considered. Under these assumptions, maintaining an H2 concentration of ~1-2% by volume is achievable, but reaching 5% H2 requires additional H2 sources or a slowing of the hydrogen escape rate below the diffusion limit. If the early martian atmosphere was indeed H2-rich, we might be able to see evidence of this in the rock record. The hypothesis proposed here is consistent with new data from the Curiosity Rover, which show evidence for a long-lived lake in Gale Crater near Mt. Sharp. It is also consistent with measured oxygen fugacities of martian meteorites, which show evidence for progressive mantle oxidation over time.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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