arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2007.12037astro-ph.EPphysics.geo-ph
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火山活动能形成富含氢的早期大气吗?

Can Volcanism Build Hydrogen-Rich Early Atmospheres?

Philippa Liggins, Oliver Shorttle, Paul B. Rimmer

摘要:

岩石行星大气层中的氢被用于通过N2-H2和CO2-H2温室效应扩大宜居带的论点,并提供适合于有效生产益生分子的大气条件。在地球和超级地球大小的天体上,富含H2的原始包层很快就会流失到太空中,火山放气可以作为氢源,只要它与大气层顶部的流失率平衡。在这里,我们表明,类地行星和类火星行星都可以在相关的岩浆fO 2范围内维持几个百分点的大气H2分数。一般来说,这需要氢逸出以稍微低于扩散极限的效率操作。我们使用的岩浆脱气,以确定哪些组合的岩浆氧化,火山通量和氢逃逸效率可以建立可观的水平的氢在行星的次级大气中。在一个类似于太古代地球的行星上,具有类似的岩浆fO 2,我们认为大气氢的混合比例可能在0.2- 3%的范围内。一颗行星在铁-Wustite(IW)缓冲区周围爆发岩浆(即,比太古代地球低~3 log fO 2单位),但在其他方面与早期地球相似的火山通量和H2损失率,可以维持大约10-20% H2的大气。对于一个早期的类火星行星,在IW周围有岩浆,但与地球相比,其表面压力和火山通量的范围较低,大气中的H2混合比例可能为2-8%。在早期的火星上,这种H2混合比例可能足以使火星冰川消退。然而,这些结果的敏感性,原生岩浆水含量和火山通量表明,需要改进的限制,早期火星的地壳循环效率和地幔水含量。

英文摘要:

Hydrogen in rocky planet atmospheres has been invoked in arguments for extending the habitable zone via N2-H2 and CO2-H2 greenhouse warming, and providing atmospheric conditions suitable for efficient production of prebiotic molecules. On Earth and Super-Earth-sized bodies, where H2-rich primordial envelopes are quickly lost to space, volcanic outgassing can act as a hydrogen source, provided it balances with the loss rate from the top of the atmosphere. Here, we show that both Earth-like and Mars-like planets can sustain atmospheric H2 fractions of several percent across relevant magmatic fO2 ranges. In general this requires hydrogen escape to operate somewhat less efficiently than the diffusion limit. We use a thermodynamical model of magma degassing to determine which combinations of magma oxidation, volcanic flux, and hydrogen escape efficiency can build up appreciable levels of hydrogen in a planet's secondary atmosphere. On a planet similar to the Archean Earth and with a similar magmatic fO2, we suggest that the mixing ratio of atmospheric hydrogen could have been in the range 0.2-3%. A planet erupting magmas around the Iron-Wustite (IW) buffer (i.e., ~3 log fO2 units lower than Archean Earth's), but with otherwise similar volcanic fluxes and H2 loss rates to early Earth, could sustain an atmosphere with approximately 10-20% H2. For an early Mars-like planet with magmas around IW, but a lower range of surface pressures and volcanic fluxes compared to Earth, an atmospheric H2 mixing ratio of 2-8% is possible. On early Mars, this H2 mixing ratio could be sufficient to deglaciate the planet. However, the sensitivity of these results to primary magmatic water contents and volcanic fluxes show the need for improved constraints on the crustal recycling efficiency and mantle water contents of early Mars.

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