Allison N. Miller
We use twisted Alexander polynomials to show that certain algebraically slice 2-bridge knots are not topologically slice, even though all prime power Casson-Gordon signatures vanish. We also provide some computations indicating the efficacy of Casson-Gordon signatures in obstructing the smooth sliceness of 2-bridge knots.
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In [D.A. Fedoseev, V.O. Manturov, A sliceness criterion for odd free knots,arXiv:1707.04923], the authors proved a sliceness criterion for odd free knots: free knots with odd chords. In the present paper we give a similar criterion for stably odd free knots. Some additional results on knot sliceness and cobordism are given.
The main goal of this paper is to prove that for odd free knots - that is free knots with all odd crossings - the problem of sliceness (the existence of a spanning disc) has an explicit answer based on the pairing of the knot diagram chords.
D invariants obstruction to sliceness of a class of algebraically slice knots
本文利用二重分支覆盖的d不变量，证明了一组代数可切片纽结实际上是不可切片的，从而给出了可切片性的新阻碍。
We prove that certain fibered, $-$amphicheiral knots are rationally slice. Moreover, we show that the concordance invariants $ν^+$ and $Υ(t)$ from Heegaard Floer homology vanish for a class of knots that includes rationally slice knots.
Some examples related to knot sliceness
已知片结的2-覆盖上的连接形式具有代谢子。我们表明，一些较弱的条件，或其他一些条件相关的sliceness，并不意味着存在的代谢。然后，我们展示了如何鲁珀特-贝内昆不等式可以间接地用来证明，一些结不切片。
Eta invariants as sliceness obstructions and their relation to Casson-Gordon invariants
我们给出了pi_1（M_K）的亚阿贝尔酉表示的一个有用的分类，其中M_K是沿S ^3中的一个纽结K作零手术的结果。我们证明了与亚阿贝尔表示pi_1（M_K）--> U（k）相关的某些eta不变量对于切片结消失，并且更多的eta不变量对于带状结和双切片结消失。我们表明，我们的消失的结果包含Casson-Gordon sliceness阻塞。在许多情况下，eta不变量可以很容易地计算卫星结。我们用它来研究eta不变的sliceness阻塞，eta不变的带状阻塞，以及最近由Cochran，Orr和Teichner引入的L^2-eta不变的sliceness阻塞之间的关系。特别地，我们给出了一个纽结的例子，它具有零eta不变和零亚阿贝尔L^2-eta不变的无阻性，但它不是带状的。
Obstructing Sliceness in a Family of Montesinos Knots
利用Lisca对2-桥纽结和Greene-Jabuka对3-链椒盐卷饼纽结所采用的规范理论方法，我们证明了Montesinos纽结族M（0;[m1 + 1，n1 +2]，[m2 + 1，n2 +2]，q）中的任何成员，在对m_i，n_i和q有一定限制的情况下，都不能（光滑）切片.我们的技术使用唐纳森对角化定理以及Montisinos的2重覆盖结束缚管道4-流形的事实，其中许多是负定的。我们的一些例子包括签名为0和平方行列式的结。
We give a complete characterization of the topological slice status of odd 3-strand pretzel knots, proving that an odd 3-strand pretzel knot is topologically slice if and only if either it is ribbon or has trivial Alexander polynomial. (By work of [FS85], a nontrivial odd 3-strand pretzel knot $K$ cannot both be ribbon and have $Δ_K(t)=1$.) We also show that topologically slice even 3-strand pretzel knots (except perhaps for members of Lecuona's exceptional family of [Lec13]) must be ribbon. These results follow from computations of the Casson-Gordon 3-manifold signature invariants associated …
Equivariant Q-sliceness of strongly invertible knots
该研究引入强可逆纽结的等变$\text{Q}$-切片性概念，从构造和障碍两方面展开研究，提出等变$\text{Q}$-协边群并研究其映射，列出开放问题。
Equivariant rational sliceness and Klein amphichirality of odd-stranded Turk's head knots
研究奇数股土耳其头结的等变有理切片性和克莱因两性性，通过构造环境对合证明q为奇数时结的性质，利用等变福克斯 - 米尔诺平方条件和相关计算证明q为偶数时结不具有相应性质。
We use recently introduced Rasmussen invariant to find knots that are topologically locally-flatly slice but not smoothly slice. We note that this invariant can be used to give a combinatorial proof of the slice-Bennequin inequality. Finally, we compute the Rasmussen invariant for quasipositive knots and show that most of our examples of non-slice knots are not quasipositive and, to the best of our knowledge, were previously unknown.
We introduce the notion of ascent sliceness of virtual knots. A representative of a virtual knot is an embedding $ S^1 \hookrightarrow Σ_{g} \times I $, for $ Σ_g $ a closed connected oriented surface of genus $ g $; the virtual knot represented is slice if there exists a pair consisting of a disc $ D $ and an oriented $ 3 $-manifold $ M $, such that $ D \hookrightarrow M \times I $, $ \partial M = Σ_{g} $, and $ \partial D = S^1 $ (the image of the embedding). This definition of sliceness exemplifies that a cobordism of virtual links is a pair consisting of a surface and a $ 3 $-manifold; in …
We give a necessary, and in some cases sufficient, condition for sliceness inside the family of pretzel knots $P (p_1,...,p_n)$ with one $p_i$ even. The three stranded case yields two interesting families of examples: the first consists of knots for which the non-sliceness is detected by the Alexander polynomial while several modern obstructions to sliceness vanish. The second family has the property that the correction terms from Heegaard-Floer homology of the double branched covers of these knots do not obstruct the existence of a rational homology ball; however, the Casson-Gordon invariants…
Quasipositivity as an obstruction to sliceness
对于定向链接$L \subset S^3 = \Bd\!D^4$，令$χ_s(L)$为光滑嵌入具有边界$L$的$D^4$中的定向2-流形$F$（无闭合分量）的最大欧拉特征$χ(F)$。如果是$χ_s(K)=1$，则结$K$是{ \it切片}。在$\C^2$中将$D^4$实现为$\{(z,w):|z|^2+|w|^2\le1\}$。证明了：若$V$是横截于$S^3$的非奇异复平面曲线，则$χ_s(V\cap S^3)=χ(V\cap D^4)$ . Kronheimer和Mrowka在$V\cap D^4$是奇点的Milnor纤维的情况下证明了这个猜想。我解释了这个看似特殊的情况如何意味着一般情况和辫子的“切片-Bennequin不等式”。作为应用，我证明了各种结不是切片的（例如，像$\Pscr(-3,5,7)$那样的卷饼结;所有结都是通过迭代非扭曲正加倍从正三叶形$O\{2,3\}$获得的）。作为一个侧面，我给了一个最佳反例的“拓扑局部平坦的汤姆图”。
In the present paper, we construct a simple invariant which provides a sliceness obstruction for {\em free knots}. This obstruction provides a new point of view to the problem of studying cobordisms of curves immersed in 2-surfaces, a problem previously studied by Carter, Turaev, Orr, and others. The obstruction to sliceness is constructed by using the notion of {\em parity} recently introduced by the author into the study of virtual knots and their modifications. This invariant turns out to be an obstruction for cobordisms of higher genera with some additional constraints.
We construct an invariant of virtual knots which is a sliceness obstruction and sensitive to the $Δ$-move. This invariants works if $\Z_{2}\oplus \Z_{2}$-index of chords is present.
Shake slice generalizes the notion of a slice link, naturally extending the notion of shake slice knots to links. There is also a relative version, shake concordance, that generalizes link concordance. We show that if two links are shake concordant, then their zero surgery manifolds are homology cobordant. Then we give several obstructions to a link being shake slice; for instance, the Arf invariants vanish for both the link and each component. Finally we show that a shake slice link bounds disjoint disks in a homology 4-ball and hence each component is algebraically slice.
For any rational homology 3-sphere and one of its spin^{c}-structures, Ozsvath and Szabo defined a topological invariant, called d-invariant. Given a knot in the 3-sphere, the d-invariants associated with the prime-power-fold branched covers of the knot, obstruct the smooth sliceness of the knot. These invariants bear some structural resemblances to Casson-Gordon invariants, which obstruct the topological sliceness of a knot. Se-Goo Kim found a polynomial splitting property for Casson-Gordon invariants. In this paper, we show a similar result for Ozsvath and Szabo's d-invariants. We give an ap…
We present a large family of knots for which the Rasmussen s-invariants of arbitrary satellites do not detect sliceness. This answers a question of Hedden. The proof hinges on work of Kronheimer-Mrowka and Cochran-Harvey-Horn.
A criterion for double sliceness
本文提出一个基于非交换Alexander模的判据，确保特定Alexander模的纽结为拓扑双切片，并应用于卫星纽结，给出其双切片性的充分条件。
For $\ell >1$, we develop $L^{(2)}$-signature obstructions for $(4\ell-3)$-dimensional knots with metabelian knot groups to be doubly slice. For each $\ell>1$, we construct an infinite family of knots on which our obstructions are non-zero, but for which double sliceness is not obstructed by any previously known invariant.
We show that if the connected sum of two knots with coprime Alexander polynomials is doubly slice, then the Ozsváth-Szabó correction terms as smooth double sliceness obstructions vanish for both knots. Recently, Jeffrey Meier gave smoothly slice knots that are topologically doubly slice, but not smoothly doubly slice. As an application, we give a new example of such knots that is distinct from Meier's knots modulo doubly slice knots.
Our main result gives an adjunction inequality for embedded surfaces in certain $4$-manifolds with contact boundary under a non-vanishing assumption on the Bauer--Furuta type invariants. Using this, we give infinitely many knots in $S^3$ that are not smoothly H-slice (that is, bounding a null-homologous disk) in many $4$-manifolds but they are topologically H-slice. In particular, we give such knots in the boundaries of the punctured elliptic surfaces $E(2n)$. In addition, we give obstructions to codimension-0 orientation-reversing embedding of weak symplectic fillings with $b_3=0$ into closed…
New lower bounds on the unknotting number of a knot are constructed from the classical knot signature function. These bounds can be twice as strong as previously known signature bounds. They can also be stronger than known bounds arising from Heegaard Floer and Khovanov homology. Results include new bounds on the Gordian distance between knots and information about four-dimensional knot invariants. By considering a related non-balanced signature function, bounds on the unknotting number of slice knots are constructed; these are related to the property of double-sliceness.
We describe an algorithm to find ribbon disks for alternating knots, and the results of a computer implementation of this algorithm. The algorithm is underlain by a slice link obstruction coming from Donaldson's diagonalisation theorem. It successfully finds ribbon disks for slice two-bridge knots and for the connected sum of any alternating knot with its reverse mirror, as well as for 662,903 prime alternating knots of 21 or fewer crossings. We also identify some examples of ribbon alternating knots for which the algorithm fails to find ribbon disks, though a related search identifies all suc…
Prime power fold cyclic branched covers along smoothly slice knots all bound rational homology balls. This phenomenon, however, does not characterize slice knots. In this paper, we give a new construction of non-slice knots that have the above property. The sliceness obstruction comes from computing twisted Alexander polynomials, and we introduce new techniques to simplify their calculation.
Exceptional pretzel knots are not algebraically slice
本文证明Lecuona例外族pretzel纽结的Alexander多项式不满足Fox-Milnor条件，从而完成三股pretzel纽结的可切性分类，并移除相关分类中的非例外假设。
Whitehead Doubles and Non-Orientable Surfaces
本文研究 Figure 8 纽结 Whitehead double 的切片性，综述相关阻碍技术，并改进 $t$-扭转 Whitehead doubles 的不可定向 4 维亏格界，构造到缆线纽结的亏格 1 配边。
We use the Bar-Natan Zh-correspondence to identify the generalized Alexander polynomial of a virtual knot with the Alexander polynomial of a two component welded link. We show that the Zh-map is functorial under concordance, and also that Satoh's Tube map (from welded links to ribbon knotted tori in $S^4$) is functorial under concordance. In addition, we extend classical results of Chen, Milnor, and Hillman on the lower central series of link groups to links in thickened surfaces. Our main result is that the generalized Alexander polynomial vanishes on any knot in a thickened surface which is …
Regularly slice implies once-stably decomposably slice
本文研究四维辛化中正则与可分解 Lagrange 配边的关系，证明正则切片可经无稳定化方式达到一次稳定可分解切片，并通过卫星化等结果区分两类性质。
Twisted Blanchfield pairings and twisted signatures III: Applications
本文提出用 twisted Blanchfield 形式算法计算纽结的 twisted 签名不变量，并在环面纽结上实现，同时利用卫星公式阻碍迭代环面纽结的切片性。
We compute the bridge spectra of cables of 2-bridge knots. We also give some results about bridge spectra and distance of Montesinos knots.
We consider a homology sphere $M_n(K_1,K_2)$ presented by two knots $K_1,K_2$ with linking number 1 and framing $(0,n)$. We call the manifold {\it Matsumoto's manifold}. We show that there exists no contractible bound of $M_n(T_{2,3},K_2)$ if $n<2τ(K_2)$ holds. We also give a formula of Ozsváth-Szabó's $τ$-invariant as the total sum of the Euler numbers of the reduced filtration. We compute the $δ$-invariants of the twisted Whitehead doubles of torus knots and correction terms of the branched covers of the Whitehead doubles. By using Owens and Strle's obstruction we show that the $12$-twisted …
We give the bridge indices for 11-crossing prime knots and give a minimal bridge projection for each of these knots. The results on the indices may be easily summarized: all of these knots that are not rational knots or Montesinos knots have bridge index three.
A crucial step in the surgery-theoretic program to classify smooth manifolds is that of representing a middle--dimensional homology class by a smoothly embedded sphere. This step fails even for the simple 4-manifolds obtained from the 4-ball by adding a 2-handle with framing r along some knot K in S^3. An r-shake slice knot is one for which a generator of the second homology of this 4-manifold can be represented by a smoothly embedded 2-sphere. It is not known whether there exist 0-shake slice knots that are not slice. We define a relative notion of shake sliceness of knots, which we call shak…
Uniqueness of bridge surfaces for 2-bridge knots
3-球面中的任何2-桥纽结都有一个桥球面，从这个桥球面可以通过稳定化、双稳化、扰动和适当的合痕得到任何其它的桥曲面。
The 2-bridge knots of up to 16 crossings
对于任何给定的交叉数$c$，存在一个公式来确定$c$交叉的2桥结的数目，并且实际上构造这些结的表示是一件简单的事情。然而，确定一个给定的（素）结是否是一个2桥结仍然是一个不平凡的练习，我们没有程序来确定更一般的桥数。在这里，我们确定了2桥结内的主机-Thistlethwaite-周表的素数结多达16个路口的一个更大的一组2桥结的详尽搜索。由于非结是唯一桥数为1的结，因此剩余结的桥数的下界为3。
We show that any non-minimal bridge decomposition of a torus knot is stabilized and that $n$-bridge decompositions of a torus knot are unique for any integer $n$. This implies that a knot in a bridge position is a torus knot if and only if there exists a torus containing the knot such that it intersects the bridge sphere in two essential loops.
Let $K,K'$ be two-bridge knots of genus $n,k$ respectively. We show the necessary and sufficient condition of $n$ in terms of $k$ that there exists an epimorphism from the knot group of $K$ onto that of $K'$.
We have the generating function which determines the number of $2$-bridge knot groups admitting epimorphisms onto the knot group of a given $2$-bridge knot, in terms of crossing number. In this paper, we will refine this formula by taking account into genus as well as crossing number. Next, we determine the number of epimorphisms between fibered $2$-bridge knot groups. Moreover, we discuss degree one maps and $2$-bridge knots uknotting number one.
The Kauffman Polynomials of 2-bridge Knots
二桥结是桥数为2的结族。本文利用Kauffman绞链理论和线性代数技巧计算了2-桥纽结的Kauffman多项式。我们的计算可以很容易地使用Mathematica，Maple，Mathcad等进行。
Suppose that there exists an epimorphism from the knot group of a $2$-bridge knot $K$ onto that of another knot $K'$. In this paper, we study the relationship between their crossing numbers $c(K)$ and $c(K')$. Especially it is shown that $c(K)$ is greater than or equal to $3 c(K')$ and we estimate how many knot groups a $2$-bridge knot group maps onto. Moreover, we formulate the generating function which determines the number of $2$-bridge knot groups admitting epimorphisms onto the knot group of a given $2$-bridge knot.
The Meridional Rank Conjecture asks whether the bridge number of a knot in $S^3$ is equal to the minimal number of meridians needed to generate the fundamental group of its complement. In this paper we investigate the analogous conjecture for knotted surfaces in $S^4$. Towards this end, we give a construction to produce classical knots with quotients sending meridians to elements of any finite order and which detect their meridional ranks. We establish the equality of bridge number and meridional rank for these knots and knotted spheres obtained from them by twist-spinning. On the other hand, …
We investigate the twisted Alexander polynomial of a 2-bridge knot associated to a Fox coloring. For several families of 2-bridge knots, including but not limited to, torus knots and genus-one knots, we derive formulae for these twisted Alexander polynomials. We use these formulae to confirm a conjecture of Hirasawa and Murasugi for these knots.
It is known that there are only finitely many knots with super bridge index 3. Jin and Jeon have provided a list of possible such candidates. However, they conjectured that the only knots with super bridge index 3 are trefoil and the figure eight knot. In this paper, we prove that the $5_2$ knot and the $6_2$ knot are also 3-super bridge knots by providing a polynomial representation of these knots in degree $6.$ This also answers a question asked by Durfee and O'Shea in their paper on polynomial knots: is there any 5-crossing knot in degree 6?
On the braid index of a two-bridge knot
本文研究双桥纽结的辫指数，证明了纽结群间存在满同态时双桥纽结辫指数的不等式，并给出给定交叉数的所有双桥纽结的平均辫指数。
We show that any two bridge positions of a handlebody-knot are stably equivalent.
A knot is called minimal if its knot group admits epimorphisms onto the knot groups of only the trivial knot and itself. In this paper, we determine which two-bridge knot $\mathfrak{b}(p,q)$ is minimal where $q \leq 6$ or $p \leq 100$.
In this short note we show the existence of an epimorphism between groups of $2$-bridge knots by means of an elementary argument using the Riley polynomial. As a corollary, we give a classification of $2$-bridge knots by Riley polynomials.
Closed incompressible surfaces of genus two in 3-bridge knot complements
本文刻画了亏格为2的闭不可压缩曲面在3-桥纽结和环的补中的性质。这个特征包括3桥结和链接的基本2弦缠结分解。
Crosscap numbers of 2-bridge knots
我们提出了一个实用的算法，以确定最小亏格的非定向生成曲面的2桥结，称为crosscap数。我们将展示一个表格，列出最多12个交叉点（共362个）的2桥结的交叉点数量。
We give an alternative proof of a result of Kobayashi and Saeki that every genus one $1$-bridge position of a non-trivial $2$-bridge knot is a stabilization.
We show that a torus knot which is not 2-bridge has a unique irreducible bridge splitting of positive genus.
We give explicit formulas for the adjoint twisted Alexander polynomial and the nonabelian Reidemeister torsion of genus one two-bridge knots.
We prove Riley's conjecture on the number of parabolic SL(2,R) representations of 2-bridge knot groups.
We show that there exists an infinite family of knots, each of which has, for each integer k>=0, a destabilized (2k+5)-bridge sphere. We also show that, for each integer n>=4, there exists a knot with a destabilized 3-bridge sphere and a destabilized n-bridge sphere.
We compute the genus zero bridge numbers and give lower bounds on the genus one bridge numbers for a large class of sufficiently generic hyperbolic twisted torus knots. As a result, the bridge spectra of these knots have two gaps which can be chosen to be arbitrarily large, providing the first known examples of hyperbolic knots exhibiting this property. In addition, we show that there are Berge and Dean knots with arbitrarily large genus one bridge numbers, and as a result, we give solutions to problems of Eudave-Muñoz concerning tunnel number one knots.
Commensurability classes of 2-bridge knot complements
我们证明了双曲2-桥纽结补是其可分解类中唯一的纽结补。我们还讨论了双曲纽结补的构造，并提出了一个关于双曲纽结补的个数的猜想。
Morifuji computed the twisted Alexander polynomial of twist knots for nonabelian representations. In this paper we compute the twisted Alexander polynomial and the Reidemeister torsion of genus one two-bridge knots, a class of knots which includes twist knots. As an application, we give a formula for the Reidemeister torsion of the 3-manifold obtained by a Dehn surgery on a genus one two-bridge knot.
Ribbon concordances and slice obstructions: experiments and examples
该研究通过大规模计算确定了大量结的切片性，发现约0.46%的结是平滑切片，而99.54%的结并非拓扑切片，并引入了新的方法和数据，揭示了切片性问题的现状和未解之处。
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