Maxwell棘轮系统的热力学函数辨识
Identifying Functional Thermodynamics in Autonomous Maxwellian Ratchets
摘要：
我们介绍了一个家庭的麦克斯韦恶魔之间的相关性信息轴承自由度可以精确计算，并在紧凑的分析形式。这使得人们能够精确地确定恶魔功能热力学操作制度，当以前的方法要么错误分类或简单地失败，由于近似，他们调用。这表明这些恶魔比以前的候选人更有功能。它们也可以作为发动机，通过从单个热源中提取能量来提升质量以对抗重力，或者作为Landauer橡皮擦，通过减少它们各自的不确定性来消耗外部功以从二进制符号序列中删除信息。除此之外，我们的Demon还展示了一种新的功能，它不是通过简单地降低单个符号的不确定性来擦除比特，而是通过增加比特间的相关性（即通过增加时间顺序），同时增加单个符号的不确定性。在所有情况下，但特别是在新的擦除机制中，准确地解释信息相关性会导致对恶魔性能的严格限制，表示为改进的热力学第二定律，该定律依赖于动力学过程的柯尔莫哥洛夫-西奈熵，而不是像以前那样纯粹依赖于系统配置熵的变化。我们严格推导出精炼的第二定律在最小的假设，所以它适用于相当广泛-为恶魔与记忆和输入序列相关或不相关。我们注意到，一般麦克斯韦恶魔容易违反以前提出的，替代这样的界限，而目前的界限仍然成立。
英文摘要：
We introduce a family of Maxwellian Demons for which correlations among information bearing degrees of freedom can be calculated exactly and in compact analytical form. This allows one to precisely determine Demon functional thermodynamic operating regimes, when previous methods either misclassify or simply fail due to approximations they invoke. This reveals that these Demons are more functional than previous candidates. They too behave either as engines, lifting a mass against gravity by extracting energy from a single heat reservoir, or as Landauer erasers, consuming external work to remove information from a sequence of binary symbols by decreasing their individual uncertainty. Going beyond these, our Demon exhibits a new functionality that erases bits not by simply decreasing individual-symbol uncertainty, but by increasing inter-bit correlations (that is, by adding temporal order) while increasing single-symbol uncertainty. In all cases, but especially in the new erasure regime, exactly accounting for informational correlations leads to tight bounds on Demon performance, expressed as a refined Second Law of Thermodynamics that relies on the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for dynamical processes and not on changes purely in system configurational entropy, as previously employed. We rigorously derive the refined Second Law under minimal assumptions and so it applies quite broadly---for Demons with and without memory and input sequences that are correlated or not. We note that general Maxwellian Demons readily violate previously proposed, alternative such bounds, while the current bound still holds.
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