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arXiv 1506.09097physics.atom-phphysics.optics
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通过laser光整形控制原子跃迁速率

Control of atomic transition rates via laser light shaping

R. Jauregui

摘要:

对通过调整外相干光源的电磁场来改变原子跃迁速率的可行性进行了模块化的系统分析。形式主义考虑了原子的质心和内部自由度,以及场的所有性质:频率、角谱和偏振。讨论了内禁戒跃迁反冲效应的一般特征。对不同结构光源进行了比较分析。它包括球面波、高斯光束、拉盖尔-高斯光束和具有封闭解析表达式的传输不变光束。结果表明,高斯和拉盖尔-高斯光束的跃迁率的数量级的增量,相对于那些在傍轴极限,需要腰部的波长的顺序,而传播不变模式可以大大提高跃迁率在更有利的条件下。对于可以自然地描述为原子角动量的修改的跃迁,这种增强对于贝塞尔模式是最大的(在传播不变光束内),马蒂厄模式可以用于纠缠内部和质心所涉及的状态,并且韦伯光束抑制这种跃迁,除非它们具有显著的奇模分量。然而,如果允许具有足够对称性的跃迁的反冲效应,则也可以使用Weber模式来增强全局跃迁速率(质心和内部运动)。提出的全局分析加强了这样一种想法,即更好地控制内部原子状态之间的转换需要适当控制原子质心的可用状态和背景电磁场的成形。

英文摘要:

A modular systematic analysis of the feasibility of modifying atomic transition rates by tailoring the electromagnetic field of an external coherent light source is presented. The formalism considers both the center of mass and internal degrees of freedom of the atom, and all properties of the field: frequency, angular spectrum, and polarization. General features of recoil effects for internal forbidden transitions are discussed. A comparative analysis of different structured light sources is explicitly worked out. It includes spherical waves, Gaussian beams, Laguerre-Gaussian beams, and propagation invariant beams with closed analytical expressions. It is shown that increments in the order of magnitude of the transition rates for Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian beams, with respect to those obtained in the paraxial limit, requires waists of the order of the wavelength, while propagation invariant modes may considerably enhance transition rates under more favorable conditions. For transitions that can be naturally described as modifications of the atomic angular momentum, this enhancement is maximal (within propagation invariant beams) for Bessel modes, Mathieu modes can be used to entangle the internal and center of mass involved states, and Weber beams suppress this kind of transitions unless they have a significant component of odd modes. However, if a recoil effect of the transition with an adequate symmetry is allowed, the global transition rate (center of mass and internal motion) can also be enhanced using Weber modes. The global analysis presented reinforces the idea that a better control of the transitions between internal atomic states requires both a proper control of the available states of the atomic center of mass, and shaping of the background electromagnetic field.

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