下一代光晶格时钟的优化几何结构
Optimized geometries for future generation optical lattice clocks
摘要：
深陷在魔波长光晶格中的原子为高精度光谱学提供了理想的无多普勒和无碰撞的量子发射器的致密系综。因此，它们是迄今为止一些最好的光学时钟设置的基础。然而，尽管它们的微小的光学偶极矩，在这样的晶格中固有的长程偶极-偶极相互作用产生线位移，失相和修改的衰减。我们发现，在一个完全填充的晶格，这些效果是共振增强依赖于晶格常数，晶格几何形状和激发方案诱导时钟移位的许多原子线宽和降低测量精度通过超辐射。然而，在最佳条件下，集体效应可以利用产生零有效位移和延长偶极寿命超过单原子衰变。特别是，我们确定的晶格常数低于光波长的2D六边形或正方形晶格作为最有前途的配置的准确性和精度远低于独立的合奏限制。这种几何形状也应该是相关应用的理想基础，如超辐射激光，精密磁力测量或长寿命量子存储器。
英文摘要：
Atoms deeply trapped in magic wavelength optical lattices provide a Doppler- and collision-free dense ensemble of quantum emitters ideal for high precision spectroscopy. Thus, they are the basis of some of the best optical clock setups to date. However, despite their minute optical dipole moments the inherent long range dipole-dipole interactions in such lattices generate line shifts, dephasing and modified decay. We show that in a perfectly filled lattice these effects are resonantly enhanced depending on lattice constant, lattice geometry and excitation scheme inducing clock shifts of many atomic linewidths and reducing measurement precision via superradiance. However, under optimal conditions collective effects can be exploited to yield zero effective shifts and prolong dipole lifetimes beyond the single atom decay. In particular we identify 2D hexagonal or square lattices with lattice constants below the optical wavelength as most promising configurations for an accuracy and precision well below the independent ensemble limit. This geometry should also be an ideal basis for related applications such as superradiant lasers, precision magnetometry or long lived quantum memories.
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