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arXiv 1506.01348astro-ph.SR
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在ESO UVES帕拉纳天文台项目中观测到的早期型星-V.时变星际吸收

Early-type stars observed in the ESO UVES Paranal Observatory Project - V. Time-variable interstellar absorption

Catherine M. McEvoy, Jonathan V. Smoker, Philip L. Dufton, Keith T. Smith, Michael B. Kennedy, Francis P. Keenan, David L. Lambert, Daniel E. Welty, James T. Lauroesch

摘要:

在小尺度(亚au到1 pc)上,弥漫星际介质(ISM)的结构和性质知之甚少。我们比较星际吸收线,观察到的选择O型和B型恒星在两个或更多的时代,搜索随时间的变化所造成的横向运动的每颗恒星结合在前景ISM的结构变化。使用了两组数据:83个VLT-UVES光谱,历元之间约为6年,21个McDonald天文台2.7米望远镜阶梯光谱,历元之间为6 - 20年,尺度范围为0 - 360 au。在这两个时期观测到的星际吸收线被减去,并搜索由于前景ISM的变化而产生的任何残差。104视线调查,通常有五个或更多的组件在钠I D,可能的时间变化被确定在五个UVES光谱(六个组件),在钙II,钙I和/或钠I吸收线。检测到的变化范围从7%到3.6倍的柱密度。在其他星际物种中没有发现变异。大多数视线没有变化,Ca II和Na I的3σ上限变化为0.1 - 0.3 dex。观察到的这些变化意味着精细尺度结构存在于ISM中,但在本研究中可用的分辨率下,在可见光波长下并不常见。的电子密度和下限的总的数密度的样本的视线的测定意味着,这些参数之间没有显着差异的视线,和视线,不同的组件。

英文摘要:

The structure and properties of the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) on small scales, sub-au to 1 pc, are poorly understood. We compare interstellar absorption-lines, observed towards a selection of O- and B-type stars at two or more epochs, to search for variations over time caused by the transverse motion of each star combined with changes in the structure in the foreground ISM. Two sets of data were used: 83 VLT- UVES spectra with approximately 6 yr between epochs and 21 McDonald observatory 2.7m telescope echelle spectra with 6 - 20 yr between epochs, over a range of scales from 0 - 360 au. The interstellar absorption-lines observed at the two epochs were subtracted and searched for any residuals due to changes in the foreground ISM. Of the 104 sightlines investigated with typically five or more components in Na I D, possible temporal variation was identified in five UVES spectra (six components), in Ca II, Ca I and/or Na I absorption-lines. The variations detected range from 7\% to a factor of 3.6 in column density. No variation was found in any other interstellar species. Most sightlines show no variation, with 3σ upper limits to changes of the order 0.1 - 0.3 dex in Ca II and Na I. These variations observed imply that fine-scale structure is present in the ISM, but at the resolution available in this study, is not very common at visible wavelengths. A determination of the electron densities and lower limits to the total number density of a sample of the sightlines implies that there is no striking difference between these parameters in sightlines with, and sightlines without, varying components.

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