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arXiv 1505.04048astro-ph.SR
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由于近地表对流散射引起的太阳共振模的频移

Frequency shifts of resonant modes of the Sun due to near-surface convective scattering

Jishnu Bhattacharya, Shravan. M. Hanasoge, H. M. Antia

摘要:

对太阳和恒星振荡频率的测量可以提供关于其内部结构和动力学的重要的独立约束。这些振荡的地震模型被用来将恒星的结构和旋转与其共振频率联系起来,然后将其与观测结果进行比较,目标是最大限度地减少两者之间的差异。即使在太阳的情况下,其结构模型是高度调谐的,观测到的频率显示出与模型频率的系统偏差,这种现象被称为“表面项”。“这种系统效应的主要来源被认为是剧烈的近地表对流,这在恒星建模和模式振荡物理中都没有得到很好的解释。在这里,我们带来承担的方法,适用于大波长的渐近极限(在对流的相关尺度相比),小尺度表面对流的影响,在太阳的谐振模式频率的特点。我们表明,完整的振荡方程,在时间上稳定的3-D流的存在下,可以减少到一个有效的“安静的太阳”波方程改变声速,Brünt-Väisäla频率和兰姆频率。我们推导出修正后的方程和关系,适当的平均三维流动和热量,以获得这种有效介质的属性。使用从近地面对流的三维数值模拟获得的流,我们量化它们对太阳振荡频率的影响,并发现它们被系统地和实质性地转移。因此,我们认为,一致的解释共振频率必须包括修改波动方程,有效地捕捉到的影响,蓬勃发展的流体动力对流。

英文摘要:

Measurements of oscillation frequencies of the Sun and stars can provide important independent constraints on their internal structure and dynamics. Seismic models of these oscillations are used to connect structure and rotation of the star to its resonant frequencies, which are then compared with observations, the goal being that of minimizing the difference between the two. Even in the case of the Sun, for which structure models are highly tuned, observed frequencies show systematic deviations from modeled frequencies, a phenomenon referred to as the "surface term." The dominant source of this systematic effect is thought to be vigorous near-surface convection, which is not well accounted for in both stellar modeling and mode-oscillation physics. Here we bring to bear the method of homogenization, applicable in the asymptotic limit of large wavelengths (in comparison to the correlation scale of convection), to characterize the effect of small-scale surface convection on resonant-mode frequencies in the Sun. We show that the full oscillation equations, in the presence of temporally stationary 3-D flows, can be reduced to an effective "quiet-Sun" wave equation with altered sound speed, Brünt--Väisäla frequency and Lamb frequency. We derive the modified equation and relations for the appropriate averaging of three dimensional flows and thermal quantities to obtain the properties of this effective medium. Using flows obtained from three dimensional numerical simulations of near-surface convection, we quantify their effect on solar oscillation frequencies, and find that they are shifted systematically and substantially. We argue therefore that consistent interpretations of resonant frequencies must include modifications to the wave equation that effectively capture the impact of vigorous hydrodynamic convection.

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