三维亚波长嵌段共聚物纳米结构功能材料的光学应用
The optical applications of 3D sub-wavelength block-copolymer nanostructured functional materials
摘要：
提出了一种在深亚波长区（<20nm）通过纳米结构化来设计功能材料（TiO_2、ZnO、SnO_2、SiO_2）折射率的方法。嵌段共聚物模板结合湿法工艺路线，用于实现3D功能纳米结构与连续可调的折射率从1.17到2.2。湿处理获得的折射率工程可以应用于解决各种可实现性问题，以获得设计指定的折射率值和1D、2D和3D中的折射率梯度，这些折射率值和折射率梯度是由于光学设计技术（例如薄膜优化方法、变换光学和保角映射）而产生的。采用湿法工艺，在晶体硅上制备了折射率优化的多层减反射膜，可将光反射率从38%降低到3%左右，且具有较宽的角度范围。还提出了一种利用纳米工程折射率实现的高温无氧光纤氢传感器。该传感器的功能的特点是光纤布拉格光栅，基于传输的询问，和光频域反射。后者证明了所开发的传感器用于检测化学梯度的应用，如在高温氢驱动的燃料电池的潜力。
英文摘要：
A method to engineer the refractive indices of functional materials (TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, SiO2), by nanostructuring in the deep sub-wavelength regime (<20nm), is presented. Block-copolymer templating combined with a wet processing route is used to realize 3D functional nanostructures with continuously adjustable refractive indices from 1.17 to 2.2. Wet processing accessed refractive index engineering can be applied to address a variety of realizability concerns in attaining design specified refractive index values and refractive index gradients in 1D, 2D, and 3D that arise as the results of optical design techniques such as thin film optimization methods, transformation optics and conformal mapping. Refractive index optimized multi-layer anti-reflection coatings on crystalline silicon, which reduce light reflections from 38% down to ~3% with a wide angular span, are demonstrated with the developed wet processing route. A high temperature oxygen free fiber optic hydrogen sensor realized by accessing nano-engineering enabled refractive indices is also presented. The functionality of the sensor is characterized with a fiber Bragg grating, transmission based interrogation, and optical frequency domain reflectometry. The latter demonstrates the potential of the developed sensor for the detection of chemical gradients for applications such as in high temperature hydrogen driven fuel cells.
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