We compare the general effective theory of one-body dark matter nucleon interactions to current direct detection experiments in a global multidimensional statistical analysis. We derive exclusion limits on the 28 isoscalar and isovector coupling constants of the theory, and show that current data place interesting constraints on dark matter-nucleon interaction operators usually neglected in this context. We characterize the interference patterns that can arise in dark matter direct detection from pairs of dark matter-nucleon interaction operators, or from isoscalar and isovector components of the same operator. We find that commonly neglected destructive interference effects weaken standard direct detection exclusion limits by up to one order of magnitude in the coupling constants.
In order to explore nonlinear effects on the distribution of matter during collisions within the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) dark matter model driven by the Schrödinger-Poisson system of equations, we study the head-on collision of structures and focus on the interference pattern formation in the density of matter during the collision process. We explore the possibility that the collision of two structures of fluid matter modeled with an ideal gas equation of state also forms interference patterns and found a negative result. Given that a fluid is the most common flavor of dark matter model…
We study different patterns of interference in WIMP-nuclei elastic scattering that can accommodate the DAMA and CoGeNT experiments via an isospin violating ratio $f_n/f_p=-0.71$. We study interference between the following pairs of mediators: Z and Z', Z' and Higgs, and two Higgs fields. We show under what conditions interference works. We also demonstrate that in the case of the two Higgs interference, an explanation of the DAMA/CoGeNT is consistent with Electroweak Baryogenesis scenarios based on two Higgs doublet models proposed in the past.
We present a method to derive conservative upper limits on the coupling constants of the effective theory of dark matter-nucleon interactions, taking into account the interference among operators. The method can be applied in any basis, and can be easily particularized to any UV complete model. To illustrate our method, we use the IceCube constraints on an exotic neutrino flux from dark matter annihilations in the Sun to derive conservative upper limits on the dark matter-nucleon coupling constants of the effective theory, as well as to derive conservative upper limits on the dark matter-proto…
By performing numerical simulations, we discuss the collisional dynamics of stable solitary waves in the Schrodinger-Poisson equation. In the framework of a model in which part or all of dark matter is a Bose-Einstein condensate of ultralight axions, we show that these dynamics can naturally account for the relative displacement between dark and ordinary matter in the galactic cluster Abell 3827, whose recent observation is the first empirical evidence of dark matter interactions beyond gravity. The essential assumption is the existence of solitonic galactic cores in the kiloparsec scale. For …
Dark photon is a massive vector particle which couples to the physical photon through the kinetic mixing term. Such particles, if exist, are produced in photon beams and, in particular, in laser radiation. Due to the oscillations between the physical photon and the dark photon, the latter may be, in principle, detected in the light-shining-through-a-wall experiment. We propose a variant of this experiment where the detection of dark photons is based on the atomic transitions. The key feature of this scheme is that the detection probability is first order in the coupling constant due to the int…
We explore mechanisms of interferences under which the spin-independent interaction in the scattering of scalar dark matter with nucleus is suppressed. We offer a detailed derivation of the nuclear amplitudes based on the interactions with quarks in the framework of a nonuniversal $U(1)'$ extension of the standard model. By assuming a range of parameters compatible with collider searches, electroweak observables and dark matter abundance, we find scenarios for destructive interferences with and without isospin symmetry. The model reveals solutions with mutually interfering scalar particles, ca…
New Z' gauge bosons arise in many extensions of the Standard Model and predict resonances in the dilepton invariant mass spectrum. Searches for such resonances therefore provide important constraints on many models of new physics, but the resulting bounds are often calculated without interference effects. In this work we show that the effect of interference is significant and cannot be neglected whenever the Z' width is large (for example because of an invisible contribution). To illustrate this point, we implement and validate the most recent 139 fb$^{-1}$ dilepton search from ATLAS and obtai…
Macroscopic Quantum Interference in Dark Matter Wave Scattering with MICROSCOPE
National Gravitation Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学物理学院）；Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, University of Tokyo（东京大学）；College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China)（中国石油大学（华东）理学院）
In flavored dark matter models, dark matter can scatter off of nuclei through Higgs and photon exchange, both of which can arise from renormalizable interactions and individually lead to strong constraints from direct detection. While these two interaction channels can destructively interfere in the scattering amplitude, for a thermal relic with equal abundances for the dark matter particle and its antiparticle, this produces no effect on the total event rate. Focusing on lepton-flavored dark matter, we show that it is quite natural for dark matter to have become asymmetric during high-scale l…
We review the physics and phenomenology of wave dark matter: a bosonic dark matter candidate lighter than about 30 eV. Such particles have a de Broglie wavelength exceeding the average inter-particle separation in a galaxy like the Milky Way, and are well described as classical waves. We outline the particle physics motivations for them, including the QCD axion and ultra-light axion-like-particles such as fuzzy dark matter. The wave nature of the dark matter implies a rich phenomenology: (1) Wave interference leads to order unity density fluctuations on de Broglie scale. A manifestation is vor…
I compare the non-relativistic effective theory of one-body dark matter-nucleon interactions to current dark matter direct detection experiments and neutrino telescope observations, presenting exclusion limits on the coupling constants of the theory. In the analysis of direct detection experiments, I focus on the interference of different dark matter-nucleon interaction operators and on predictions observable at directional detectors. Interpreting neutrino telescope observations, I use new nuclear response functions recently derived through nuclear structure calculations and show that hydrogen…
We study the possibility of realising leptogenesis from three body decay, dark matter (DM) and neutrino mass in a minimal framework. We propose a first of its kind model to implement the idea of leptogenesis from three body decay where CP asymmetry arises from interference of multiple $1 \rightarrow 3$ diagrams using resummed propagators along with DM. The standard model is extended by three heavy singlet fermions, one scalar singlet and one scalar doublet with appropriate discrete charges. Two of these singlet fermions not only play non-trivial roles in generating light neutrino mass at radia…
Nuclear interference versus dark sector excitation in the 248 keV LUX-ZEPLIN recoil candidate
Zhejiang Normal University（浙江师范大学）；Khazar University（哈扎尔大学）；Università di Napoli “Federico II”（那不勒斯费德里科二世大学）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), sez. di Napoli（意大利国家核物理研究所（INFN）那不勒斯分部）；Scuola Superiore Meridionale（南方高等学院）；Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）；University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences（塔什干应用科学大学）；National University of Uzbekistan（乌兹别克斯坦国立大学）
A possible manifestation of an additional light gauge boson $A^\prime$, named as Dark Photon, associated with a group $U(1)_{\rm B-L}$ is studied in neutrino electron scattering experiments. The exclusion plot on the coupling constant $g_{\rm B-L}$ and the dark photon mass $M_{A^\prime}$ is obtained. It is shown that contributions of interference term between the dark photon and the Standard Model are important. The interference effects are studied and compared with for data sets from TEXONO, GEMMA, BOREXINO, LSND as well as CHARM II experiments. Our results provide more stringent bounds to so…
In a galactic halo like the Milky Way, bosonic dark matter particles lighter than about $30$ eV have a de Broglie wavelength larger than the average inter-particle separation and are therefore well described as a set of classical waves. This applies to, for instance, the QCD axion as well as to lighter axion-like particles such as fuzzy dark matter. We show that the interference of waves inside a halo inevitably leads to vortices, locations where chance destructive interference takes the density to zero. The phase of the wavefunction has non-trivial winding around these points. This can be int…
We provide a simple mechanism for reconciling the direct dark matter experimental results. We consider light asymmetric composite dark matter which scatters off nuclei via Higgs and photon exchange. We demonstrate that the interference between these two channels naturally accommodates the experimental results. We discover that this happens for a compositeness scale of the order of the electroweak. We also provide a model realization based on strong dynamics at the electroweak scale.
We explore theories of dark matter in which dark matter annihilations produce mono-energetic gamma rays ("lines") in the context of effective field theory, which captures the physics for cases in which the particles mediating the interaction are somewhat heavier than the dark matter particle itself. Building on earlier work, we explore the generic signature resulting from SU(2)xU(1) gauge invariance that two (or more) lines are generically expected, and determine the expected relative intensities, including the possibility of interference between operators.
We study a simple model that can give rise to isospin-violating interactions of Dirac fermion asymmetric dark matter to protons and neutrons through the interference of a scalar and U(1)$'$ gauge boson contribution. The model can yield a large suppression of the elastic scattering cross section off Xenon relative to Silicon thus reconciling CDMS-Si and LUX results while being compatible with LHC findings on the 126 GeV Higgs, electroweak precision tests and flavour constraints.
The scenario of isospin-violating dark matter (IVDM) with destructive interference between DM-proton and DM-neutron scatterings provides a potential possibility to reconcile the experimental results of DAMA, CoGeNT and XENON. We explore the constraints on the IVDM from other direct detection experiments such as CRESST and SIMPLE, etc. and from the indirect DM searches such as the antiproton flux measured by BESS-Polar II. The results show that the relevant couplings in IVDM scenario are severely constrained.
We study direct detection of dark matter in supersymmetric (SUSY) model where most of SUSY particles have very high-scale masses beyond the weak scale. In the scenario, Wino-like or Higgsino-like neutralino is a good candidate for the dark matter in the universe. The neutralino scatters off nuclei by a Higgs-boson exchange diagram and also electroweak loop diagrams. It is found that the elastic-scattering cross section with nuclei is enhanced or suppressed due to constructive or deconstructive interference among the diagrams. Such a cross section is within the reach of future experiment in som…
We analyze the effect of a form factor in the magnetic contribution to K+ --> pi+ pi0 gamma. We emphasize how this can show up experimentally: in particular we try to explore the difference between a possible interference contribution and a form factor in the magnetic part. The form factor used for K+ --> pi+ pi0 gamma is analogous to the one for KL --> pi+ pi- gamma, experimentally well established.
We examine Simplified Models in which fermionic DM interacts with Standard Model (SM) fermions via the exchange of an $s$-channel scalar mediator. The single-mediator version of this model is not gauge invariant, and instead we must consider models with two scalar mediators which mix and interfere. The minimal gauge invariant scenario involves the mixing of a new singlet scalar with the Standard Model Higgs boson, and is tightly constrained. We construct two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) extensions of this scenario, where the singlet mixes with the 2nd Higgs doublet. Compared with the one doublet…
We extend the standard model by three types of inert fields including Majorana fermion singlets/triplets, real Higgs singlets/triplets and leptonic Higgs doublets. In the presence of a softly broken lepton number and an exactly conserved Z_2 discrete symmetry, these inert fields together can mediate a one-loop diagram for a Majorana neutrino mass generation. The heavier inert fields can decay to realize a successful leptogenesis while the lightest inert field can provide a stable dark matter candidate. As an example, we demonstrate the leptogenesis by the inert Higgs doublet decays. We also pe…
We study direct CP violation in $B^\pm \to ρ^\pmρ^0(ω) \to ρ^\pmπ^+π^-$ and focus specifically on the rate asymmetry in the $ρ^0$-$ω$ interference region. Here the strong phase is dominated by isospin violation, so that it can be essentially determined by $e^+e^- \to ρ^0 (ω) \to π^+π^-$ data. We find the CP-violating asymmetry to be of the order of 20% at the $ω$ invariant mass. Moreover, it is robust with respect to the estimable strong-phase uncertainties, permitting the extraction of $\sinα$ from this channel.
We consider Majorana dark matter annihilation to fermion - anti-fermion pair and a photon in the effective field theory paradigm, by introducing dimension 6 and dimension 8 operators in the Lagrangian. For a given value of the cut-off scale, the latter dominates the annihilation process for heavier dark matter masses. We find a cancellation in the dark matter annihilation to a fermion - anti-fermion pair when considering the interference of the dimension 6 and the dimension 8 operators. Constraints on the effective scale cut-off is derived while considering indirect detection experiments and t…
We investigate nonlinear structure formation in the fuzzy dark matter (FDM) model using both numerical and perturbative techniques. On the numerical side, we examine the virtues and limitations of a Schrodinger-Poisson solver (wave formulation) versus a fluid dynamics solver (Madelung formulation). We also carry out a perturbative computation of the one-loop mass power spectrum. We find that (1) in many cases, the fluid dynamics solver is capable of producing the expected interference patterns, but it fails where destructive interference causes the density to vanish which generally occurs in t…
The isospin violating dark matter (IVDM) scenario offers an interesting possibility to reconcile conflicting results among direct dark matter search experiments for a mass range around 10 GeV. We consider two simple renormalizable IVDM models with a complex scalar dark matter and a Dirac fermion dark matter, respectively, whose stability is ensured by the conservation of "dark matter number". Although both models successfully work as the IVDM scenario with destructive interference between effective couplings to proton and neutron, the dark matter annihilation cross section is found to exceed t…
We investigate $B^{\pm,0}\rightarrow ρ^0 (ω)h^{\pm,0}$, where $ρ^0 (ω)$ decays to $π^+π^-$ and $h$ is any hadronic final states, such as $π$ or $K$. We find large direct $CP$ asymmetries via $ρ-ω$ interference. A possible determination of the weak phases, such as $ϕ_2={\rm arg}((V_{ud}V^*_{ub})/(V_{td}V^*_{tb}))$ and $ϕ_3={\rm arg}((V_{us}V^*_{ub})/(V_{ts}V^*_{tb}))$, is also discussed. We show the feasibility to detect the CP asymmetries in these channels by assuming an asymmetric $e^+e^-$ collider experiment. $10^{9}$ $B\bar B$ events are required for the detection of this effect.
As we have pointed out in (arXiv:1806.10107 [hep-ph]), the existence of neutron dark matter decay modes "n -> chi + anything", where "chi" is a dark matter fermion, for the solution of the neutron lifetime problem changes priorities and demands to describe the neutron lifetime "tau_n = 888.0(2.0)s", measured in beam experiments and defined by the decay modes "n -> p + anything", in the Standard Model (SM). The latter requires the axial coupling constant "lambda" to be equal to "lambda = - 1.2690" (arXiv:1806.10107 [hep-ph]). Since such an axial coupling constant is excluded by experimental dat…
Non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) affect both their propagation through matter and their detection, with bounds on NSI parameters coming from various astrophysical and terrestrial neutrino experiments. In this paper, we show that NSI can be probed in future direct dark matter detection experiments through both elastic neutrino-electron scattering and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, and that these channels provide complementary probes of NSI. We show NSI can increase the event rate due to solar neutrinos, with a sharp increase for lower nuclear recoil energy thresholds that are wit…
