Duane W. Hamacher
Parts of Australia have been privileged to see dazzling lights in the night sky as the Aurora Australis (known as the southern lights) puts on a show this year. Aurorae are significant in Australian Indigenous astronomical traditions. Aboriginal people associate aurorae with fire, death, blood, and omens, sharing many similarities with Native American communities.
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Novae and supernovae are rare astronomical events that would have had an influence on the sky-watching peoples who witnessed them. Although several bright novae/supernovae have been visible during recorded human history, there are many proposed but no confirmed accounts of supernovae in oral traditions or material culture. Criteria are established for confirming novae/supernovae in oral and material culture, and claims from around the world are discussed to determine if they meet these criteria. Australian Aboriginal traditions are explored for possible descriptions of novae/supernovae. Althou…
Descriptions of natural events, such as fireballs and meteorite impacts, are found within Indigenous Australian oral traditions. Studies of oral traditions demonstrate that they extend beyond the realm of myth and legend; they contain structured knowledge about the natural world (science) as well as historic accounts of natural events and geo-hazards. These traditions could lead to the discovery of meteorites and impact sites previously unknown to Western science. In addition to benefiting the scientific study of meteoritics, this study can help social scientists better understand the nature a…
Aboriginal Australians carefully observe the properties and positions of stars, including both overt and subtle changes in their brightness, for subsistence and social application. These observations are encoded in oral tradition. I examine two Aboriginal oral traditions from South Australia that describe the periodic changing brightness in three pulsating, red-giant variable stars: Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis), Aldebaran (Alpha Tauri), and Antares (Alpha Scorpii). The Australian Aboriginal accounts stand as the only known descriptions of pulsating variable stars in any Indigenous oral tradition…
For more than 50,000 years, Indigenous Australians have incorporated celestial events into their oral traditions and used the motions of celestial bodies for navigation, time-keeping, food economics, and social structure. In this paper, we explore the ways in which Aboriginal people made careful observations of the sky, measurements of celestial bodies, and incorporated astronomical events into complex oral traditions by searching for written records of time-keeping using celestial bodies, the use of rising and setting stars as indicators of special events, recorded observations of variable st…
Aboriginal Oral Traditions of Australian Impact Craters
我们探索与澳大利亚陨石坑有关的土著口头传统。使用文献，第一手民族志记录，实地考察数据，我们确定了口头传统和艺术品与四个影响网站：戈斯布拉夫，亨伯里，利物浦，沃尔夫溪。口头传统描述了戈斯崖、亨伯里和沃尔夫溪陨石坑的撞击起源，以及利物浦陨石坑的非撞击起源，沃尔夫溪和亨伯里在口头传统中既有撞击起源，也有非撞击起源。三个被认为是在澳大利亚人类居住期间形成的撞击地点- Dalgaranga，Veevers和Boxhole -没有文献中报告的相关口头传统。
An Aboriginal Australian Record of the Great Eruption of Eta Carinae
我们提供的证据表明，维多利亚州西北部的Boorong土著人在19世纪观察到了Eta（η）Carinae的大爆发，并将该事件纳入他们的口头传统。我们使用威廉·爱德华·斯坦布里奇（William Edward Stanbridge）在1858年的论文中提出的描述性材料，结合早期的南星星表，确定了这颗恒星以及其他没有明确命名的恒星。这一短暂的天文事件的识别支持了土著口头传统是动态的和不断发展的，而不是静态的主张。这是迄今为止文献中唯一确定的关于船底座η爆发的土著记录。
Aboriginal stories dating back many thousands of years talk of a fire from the sky in an area now home to the Henbury meteorite craters, in the Northern Territory
Studies in Australian Indigenous astronomical knowledge reveal few accounts of the visible planets in the sky. However, what information we do have tells us that Aboriginal people were close observers of planets and their motions, noting the relative brightness of the planets, their motions along the ecliptic, retrograde motion, the relationship between Venus and its proximity to the Sun, Venus' connection to the Sun through zodiacal light, and the synodic cycle of Venus, particularly as it transitions from the Evening Star to the Morning Star. The dearth of descriptions of planets in Aborigin…
Indigenous Australian practices, developed and honed over thousands of years, weave science with storytelling. In this Indigenous science series, we'll look at different aspects of First Australians' traditional life and uncover the knowledge behind them - starting today with astronomy.
The oral traditions of Aboriginal cultures across Australia contain references to the presence of multiple Suns in the sky at the same time. Explanations of this have been largely regarded as symbolic or mythological, rather than observations of natural phenomena. In this paper, we examine oral traditions describing multiple Suns and analyse interpretations that could explain them. Our analysis of the oral traditions concludes that descriptions of multiple Suns fall into two main categories: one describing the changes in the path of the Sun throughout the year, and the other describing observa…
Echoes of Star Stories: Integrating Indigenous narratives into modern stellar astrophysics
研究探讨将澳大利亚原住民、普韦布洛人等不同本土社区的叙事融入现代恒星天体物理学，强调其与现代模型的关联，通过跨文化合作整合传统，以丰富教育、公众参与并激发科学假设，架起文化与科学的桥梁。
Meteoritics and cosmology among the Aboriginal cultures of Central Australia
夜空在澳大利亚中部的Arrernte和Luritja土著文化的社会结构、口头传统和宇宙观中扮演着重要角色。这个宇宙学的一个组成部分与流星、陨石和撞击坑有关。本文讨论了陨石现象在Arrernte和Luritja宇宙学中的作用，不仅表明这些群体将这种现象纳入了他们的文化传统，而且他们关于流星，陨石和撞击结构之间关系的口头传统表明Arrernte和Luritja理解它们是直接相关的。
Australian Indigenous astronomical traditions hint at a relationship between animals in the skyworld and the behaviour patterns of their terrestrial counterparts. In our continued study of Aboriginal astronomical traditions from the Great Victoria Desert, South Australia, we investigate the relationship between animal behaviour and stellar positions. We develop a methodology to test the hypothesis that the behaviour of these animals is predicted by the positions of their celestial counterparts at particular times of the day. Of the twelve animals identified in the Ooldean sky, the nine stellar…
Aurorae in Australian Aboriginal Traditions
瞬变天体现象在澳大利亚土著居民的天文知识和传统中占有突出地位。在这篇论文中，我从有关原住民文化的文献中收集了关于南极光的描述。利用以前对流星、日食和彗星的研究，我预计极光的物理特性，例如从澳大利亚南部看到的通常为红色，将与火、死亡、血液和邪恶的灵魂联系在一起。调查显示情况确实如此，还探讨了土著文化中的历史极光事件，岩石艺术中的极光，并简要比较了土著极光传统与其他全球土著群体，包括新西兰的毛利人。
Light pollution is actively destroying our ability to see the stars. Many Indigenous traditions and knowledge systems around the world are based on the stars, and the peoples' ability to observe and interpret stellar positions and properties is of critical importance for daily life and cultural continuity. The erasure of the night sky acts to erase Indigenous connection to the stars, acting as a form of ongoing cultural and ecological genocide. Efforts to reduce, minimise, or eliminate light pollution are being achieved with varying degrees of success, but urban expansion, poor lighting design…
Early ethnographers and missionaries recorded Aboriginal languages and oral traditions across Australia. Their general lack of astronomical training resulted in misidentifications, transcription errors, and omissions in these records. Additionally, many of these early records are fragmented. In western Victoria and southeast South Australia, many astronomical traditions were recorded, but curiously, some of the brightest stars in the sky were omitted. Scholars claimed these stars did not feature in Aboriginal traditions. This under-representation continues to be repeated in the literature, but…
Aboriginal Astronomical Traditions from Ooldea, South Australia, Part 1: Nyeeruna and the Orion Story
1919年至1935年，业余人类学家黛西·贝茨（Daisy Bates，CBE，1859-1951）在南澳大利亚州的奥尔迪亚露营时，记录了奥尔迪亚周围维多利亚大沙漠地区原住民的日常生活、传说和口头传统。在她的存档笔记中，有关于这个地区土著天文传统的故事。特别是一个故事，涉及构成现代西方星座猎户座和金牛座的恒星，因此在这里被称为“猎户座的故事”，因其细节水平和可能涉及短暂的天文现象而脱颖而出。在这里，我们批判性地分析了“猎户座的故事”的几个重要因素，包括它的关系，一个重要的秘密，神圣的男性成人仪式。本文是试图重建维多利亚大沙漠原住民的天空知识和恒星知识的更完整画面的系列文章中的第一篇。
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