相对论性轻物质相互作用中的自旋动力学
Spin dynamics in relativistic light-matter interaction
摘要：
在相对论强度的光-物质相互作用中，各种自旋效应有望被观测到。相对论性量子力学配备了一个合适的相对论性自旋算符形成的理论基础来描述这些影响。相对论自旋算符的各种方案由不同的作者提出，并以统一的方式提出。由于算符的数学性质，只有Foldy-Wouthuysen算符和Pryce算符有资格成为可能的真相对论自旋算符。高电荷态的类氢离子的基态可以用来在实验上确定一个合理的相对论自旋算符。随后，利用Foldy-Wothuysen自旋算符研究了高强度椭圆偏振驻波中的电子自旋进动。为了正确地理论描述电子自旋进动，即使在低强度的情况下，也必须考虑由于电磁波的自旋角动量引起的相对论效应。
英文摘要：
Various spin effects are expected to become observable in light-matter interaction at relativistic intensities. Relativistic quantum mechanics equipped with a suitable relativistic spin operator forms the theoretical foundation for describing these effects. Various proposals for relativistic spin operators have been offered by different authors, which are presented in a unified way. As a result of the operators' mathematical properties only the Foldy-Wouthuysen operator and the Pryce operator qualify as possible proper relativistic spin operators. The ground states of highly charged hydrogen-like ions can be utilized to identify a legitimate relativistic spin operator experimentally. Subsequently, the Foldy-Wothuysen spin operator is employed to study electron-spin precession in high-intensity standing light waves with elliptical polarization. For a correct theoretical description of the predicted electron-spin precession relativistic effects due to the spin angular momentum of the electromagnetic wave has to be taken into account even in the limit of low intensities.
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