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arXiv 1504.01680astro-ph.EP
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各向异性蒸发风对系外行星的扭矩

Torque on an exoplanet from an anisotropic evaporative wind

Jean Teyssandier, James E. Owen, Fred C. Adams, Alice C. Quillen

摘要:

来自短周期地球和海王星质量系外行星的风,由年轻恒星的高能辐射驱动,可能会蒸发行星质量的很大一部分。如果来自蒸发风的动量通量与行星/恒星轴不一致,那么它可以对行星的轨道施加扭矩。使用稳态一维蒸发风模型,我们估计这个扭矩使用的滞后角,取决于产品的速度的行星的上层大气和流动的时间尺度风达到其音速半径。我们还估计了随时间变化的一维流体动力学模拟的动量通量。我们发现,只有在一个非常狭窄的制度,在行星半径,质量和恒星辐射通量是风能够施加一个显着的扭矩对行星的轨道。类似于雅科夫斯基效应,如果大气环流是超旋转的,风会使行星向外漂移,如果环流是逆行的,风会使行星向相反的方向漂移。一个接近超级地球质量的行星在风中失去了大部分质量,可能会漂移其半长轴的百分之几。虽然这种变化很小,但它限制了开普勒36 b和c等共振对的演化。

英文摘要:

Winds from short-period Earth and Neptune mass exoplanets, driven by high energy radiation from a young star, may evaporate a significant fraction of a planet's mass. If the momentum flux from the evaporative wind is not aligned with the planet/star axis, then it can exert a torque on the planet's orbit. Using steady-state one-dimensional evaporative wind models we estimate this torque using a lag angle that depends on the product of the speed of the planet's upper atmosphere and a flow timescale for the wind to reach its sonic radius. We also estimate the momentum flux from time-dependent one-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations. We find that only in a very narrow regime in planet radius, mass and stellar radiation flux is a wind capable of exerting a significant torque on the planet's orbit. Similar to the Yarkovsky effect, the wind causes the planet to drift outward if atmospheric circulation is prograde (super-rotating) and in the opposite direction if the circulation is retrograde. A close-in super Earth mass planet that loses a large fraction of its mass in a wind could drift a few percent of its semi-major axis. While this change is small, it places constraints on the evolution of resonant pairs such as Kepler 36 b and c.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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