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arXiv 1504.00718astro-ph.CO
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局部引力红移会使宇宙学测量产生偏差

Local gravitational redshifts can bias cosmological measurements

Radoslaw Wojtak, Tamara M. Davis, Jophiel Wiis

摘要:

通过距离-红移关系测量宇宙学参数通常依赖于假设均匀宇宙的模型。人们通常认为,如果观测中探测到的距离足够大(与不均匀性的尺度相比),并且在天空的不同方向上取平均值,那么我们宇宙中明显的大尺度结构对测量的影响可以忽略不计。当考虑到我们的局部引力势引起的引力红移的影响时,这种假设就不成立了,它以同样的方式改变了来自所有距离和方向的光。尽管它的大小很小,但这种局部引力红移在使用SN Ia数据的宇宙学推断中产生了明显的影响。假设保守的先验知识的本地电位采样范围内的引力势银河般的星系在宇宙学模拟中确定的位置,我们表明,忽略引力红移效应在标准的数据分析导致额外的系统误差~ 1%的密度参数和暗能量状态方程的确定。我们的结论是,我们的本地引力场影响我们的宇宙学推断的水平,这是重要的,在未来的观测,旨在实现100级的精度。

英文摘要:

Measurements of cosmological parameters via the distance-redshift relation usually rely on models that assume a homogenous universe. It is commonly presumed that the large-scale structure evident in our Universe has a negligible impact on the measurement if distances probed in observations are sufficiently large (compared to the scale of inhomogeneities) and are averaged over different directions on the sky. This presumption does not hold when considering the effect of the gravitational redshift caused by our local gravitational potential, which alters light coming from all distances and directions in the same way. Despite its small magnitude, this local gravitational redshift gives rise to noticeable effects in cosmological inference using SN Ia data. Assuming conservative prior knowledge of the local potential given by sampling a range of gravitational potentials at locations of Milky-Way-like galaxies identified in cosmological simulations, we show that ignoring the gravitational redshift effect in a standard data analysis leads to an additional systematic error of ~1 per cent in the determination of density parameters and the dark energy equation of state. We conclude that our local gravitational field affects our cosmological inference at a level that is important in future observations aiming to achieve percent-level accuracy.

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