Nuclear Fusion：将一颗恒星带到地球
Nuclear Fusion: Bringing a star down to Earth
摘要：
核聚变提供了一种几乎无限的能源潜力，通过将氘和氚核融合在一起，在1亿开尔文的等离子体燃烧中形成氦。然而，科学和工程方面的挑战依然存在。本文描述了这样的等离子体如何被限制在地球上，并讨论了与恒星聚变的相似性和差异。它集中在磁约束技术，特别是在托卡马克中使用的方法。在平衡态中实现的约束进行审查，它示出如何约束可以是太好了，导致爆炸不稳定性在等离子体边缘称为边缘局部模式（ELMs）。它示出了如何ELMs的影响可以最大限度地减少磁扰动的应用程序，并讨论了这些扰动渗透到什么是理想的完美的导电等离子体背后的物理。
英文摘要：
Nuclear fusion offers the potential for being a near limitless energy source by fusing together deuterium and tritium nuclei to form helium inside a plasma burning at 100 million kelvin. However, scientific and engineering challenges remain. This paper describes how such a plasma can be confined on Earth and discusses the similarities and differences with fusion in stars. It focusses on the magnetic confinement technique and, in particular, the method used in a tokamak. The confinement achieved in the equilibrium state is reviewed and it is shown how the confinement can be too good, leading to explosive instabilities at the plasma edge called Edge Localised modes (ELMs). It is shown how the impact of ELMs can be minimised by the application of magnetic perturbations and discusses the physics behind the penetration of these perturbations into what is ideally a perfect conducting plasma.
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