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arXiv 1503.08767quant-phcond-mat.otherphysics.chem-ph
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绝热量子计算中的退相干

Decoherence in adiabatic quantum computation

Tameem Albash, Daniel A. Lidar

摘要:

最近越来越多的量子比特的实验引发了对绝热量子计算的新兴趣,特别是量子退火。一个被反复询问的中心问题是,相对于退相干时间的标准测量,演化的量子特征是否可以在用于量子退火的长时间尺度上生存下来。利用绝热量子主方程理论,我们重新考虑了退相干在绝热量子计算和量子退火中的作用。我们限制自己的弱耦合和奇异耦合的限制,这对应于退相干的能量本征基和计算的基础上,分别。我们证明了瞬时能量本征基中的退相干不一定会影响绝热量子计算,特别是短的单量子位$T_2$时间不一定意味着量子绝热算法成功的不利后果。我们进一步证明,边界抵消方法,旨在提高绝热量子计算的保真度在封闭系统设置,在开放系统设置仍然是有益的。为了解决主方程模拟的高计算成本,我们还证明了一个量子蒙特卡罗算法,明确占热玻色子浴可用于经典和量子退火之间的插值。我们的研究强调并澄清了退相干在量子计算的绝热模型和电路模型中所扮演的显著不同的角色。

英文摘要:

Recent experiments with increasingly larger numbers of qubits have sparked renewed interest in adiabatic quantum computation, and in particular quantum annealing. A central question that is repeatedly asked is whether quantum features of the evolution can survive over the long time-scales used for quantum annealing relative to standard measures of the decoherence time. We reconsider the role of decoherence in adiabatic quantum computation and quantum annealing using the adiabatic quantum master equation formalism. We restrict ourselves to the weak-coupling and singular-coupling limits, which correspond to decoherence in the energy eigenbasis and in the computational basis, respectively. We demonstrate that decoherence in the instantaneous energy eigenbasis does not necessarily detrimentally affect adiabatic quantum computation, and in particular that a short single-qubit $T_2$ time need not imply adverse consequences for the success of the quantum adiabatic algorithm. We further demonstrate that boundary cancellation methods, designed to improve the fidelity of adiabatic quantum computing in the closed system setting, remain beneficial in the open system setting. To address the high computational cost of master equation simulations, we also demonstrate that a quantum Monte Carlo algorithm that explicitly accounts for a thermal bosonic bath can be used to interpolate between classical and quantum annealing. Our study highlights and clarifies the significantly different role played by decoherence in the adiabatic and circuit models of quantum computing.

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