带电胶体中热扩散和热电性的实验研究
Experimental Study of Thermodiffusion and Thermoelectricity in Charged Colloids
摘要：
实验研究了磁赤铁矿纳米粒子在二甲基亚砜中离子稳定悬浮液的Seebeck系数和Soret系数随纳米粒子体积分数的变化规律。在存在温度梯度的情况下，带电的胶体纳米颗粒经历由于它们与溶剂分子的相互作用而引起的热漂移和与内部热电场成比例的电力。通过强迫瑞利散射观察到纳米颗粒的热扩散，而热电场通过在热电池中的电压测量来获得。这两种技术都提供了高达75 meV/K的纳米粒子转移熵的独立估计。这种性质可用于改善液体热电池中的热电系数。
英文摘要：
The Seebeck and Soret coefficients of ionically stabilized suspension of maghemite nanoparticles in dimethyl sulfoxide are experimentally studied as a function of nanoparticle volume fraction. In the presence of a temperature gradient, the charged colloidal nanoparticles experience both thermal drift due to their interactions with the solvent molecules and electric forces proportional to the internal thermoelectric field. The resulting thermodiffusion of nanoparticles is observed through Forced Rayleigh scattering, while the thermoelectric field is accessed through voltage measurements in a thermocell. Both techniques provide independent estimates of nanoparticle's entropy of transfer as high as 75 meV/K. Such a property may be used to improve the thermoelectric coefficients in liquid thermocells.
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