光子计数反馈回路中熵的获取及从噪声到混沌转变的量化
Harvesting entropy and quantifying the transition from noise to chaos in a photon-counting feedback loop
摘要：
一些物理过程，包括混沌激光的强度波动、单光子的探测以及流体中微观粒子的布朗运动，至少在长时间尺度上是不可预测的。这种不可预测性可能是由于各种物理机制，但它是量化的熵率。这个速率描述了系统产生新的随机信息的速度，在统计力学中非常重要，并且对于随机数的产生非常重要。我们的实验研究熵产生和确定性的混沌动力学的出现，从离散噪声的系统中，在单光子水平的弱光信号施加反馈。我们表明，定性的动态变化，从散粒噪声的光子率增加的混乱，熵率可以反映系统的确定性或噪声方面取决于采样率和分辨率。
英文摘要：
Some physical processes, including the intensity fluctuations of a chaotic laser, the detection of single photons, and the Brownian motion of a microscopic particle in a fluid are unpredictable, at least on long timescales. This unpredictability can be due to a variety of physical mechanisms, but it is quantified by an entropy rate. This rate describes how quickly a system produces new and random information, is fundamentally important in statistical mechanics and practically important for random number generation. We experimentally study entropy generation and the emergence of deterministic chaotic dynamics from discrete noise in a system that applies feedback to a weak optical signal at the single-photon level. We show that the dynamics qualitatively change from shot noise to chaos as the photon rate increases, and that the entropy rate can reflect either the deterministic or noisy aspects of the system depending on the sampling rate and resolution.
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