降低XENON1T暗物质实验光电倍增管的放射性
Lowering the radioactivity of the photomultiplier tubes for the XENON1T dark matter experiment
摘要：
滨松开发了低背景、VUV敏感的3英寸直径光电倍增管R11410，用于使用液体氙作为靶材料的暗物质直接探测实验。我们提出的结果，从共同努力之间的XENON合作和滨松公司生产的XENON 1 T暗物质实验的高放射性纯光电传感器（版本R11410-21）。在介绍了光电传感器及其组件之后，我们给出了光电倍增管生产中使用的单个材料的放射性污染测量的方法和结果。然后，我们讨论了所采取的策略，以减少各种PMT版本的放射性。最后，我们详细介绍了从筛选216管超低背景锗探测器的结果，以及它们对预期的电子和核反冲背景的XENON 1 T实验的影响。
英文摘要：
The low-background, VUV-sensitive 3-inch diameter photomultiplier tube R11410 has been developed by Hamamatsu for dark matter direct detection experiments using liquid xenon as the target material. We present the results from the joint effort between the XENON collaboration and the Hamamatsu company to produce a highly radio-pure photosensor (version R11410-21) for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. After introducing the photosensor and its components, we show the methods and results of the radioactive contamination measurements of the individual materials employed in the photomultiplier production. We then discuss the adopted strategies to reduce the radioactivity of the various PMT versions. Finally, we detail the results from screening 216 tubes with ultra-low background germanium detectors, as well as their implications for the expected electronic and nuclear recoil background of the XENON1T experiment.
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