人类思维中否定与结合的量子结构
Quantum Structure of Negation and Conjunction in Human Thought
摘要：
我们分析在本文中收集的数据在一组实验中进行的人类受试者的自然概念的组合。我们通过测量样本列表中关于两个概念的成员权重来研究概念连接和否定的相互影响，例如，“水果”和“蔬菜”，以及它们的连词“水果和蔬菜”，还有它们的连词，当一个或两个概念被否定时，即“水果而不是蔬菜”，“不是水果和蔬菜”和“不是水果而不是蔬菜”。我们的研究结果锐化现有的分析概念组合，揭示系统和显着的偏离经典（模糊集）逻辑和概率论。而且，更重要的是，我们的结果提供了进一步的相当大的证据，我们的量子理论框架的有效性结合的两个概念。事实上，概念否定的表征自然地产生于我们的两扇区福克空间模型的一般假设，并且这种表征忠实地与收集的数据相一致。此外，我们发现了一个更大的偏离和先验的意想不到的经典性，这可以完全解释假设人类的推理是一个“涌现推理”和“逻辑推理”的叠加，这两个过程可以成功地表示在一个福克空间代数结构。
英文摘要：
We analyse in this paper the data collected in a set of experiments performed on human subjects on the combination of natural concepts. We investigate the mutual influence of conceptual conjunction and negation by measuring the membership weights of a list of exemplars with respect to two concepts, e.g., 'Fruits' and 'Vegetables', and their conjunction 'Fruits And Vegetables', but also their conjunction when one or both concepts are negated, namely, 'Fruits And Not Vegetables', 'Not Fruits And Vegetables' and 'Not Fruits And Not Vegetables'. Our findings sharpen existing analysis on conceptual combinations, revealing systematic and remarkable deviations from classical (fuzzy set) logic and probability theory. And, more important, our results give further considerable evidence to the validity of our quantum-theoretic framework for the combination of two concepts. Indeed, the representation of conceptual negation naturally arises from the general assumptions of our two-sector Fock space model, and this representation faithfully agrees with the collected data. In addition, we find a further significant deviation and a priori unexpected from classicality, which can exactly be explained by assuming that human reasoning is the superposition of an 'emergent reasoning' and a 'logical reasoning', and that these two processes can be successfully represented in a Fock space algebraic structure.
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