重新获得FORS：具有VLT + FORS2的系外行星WASP-19 b的光学地基透射光谱学
Regaining the FORS: optical ground-based transmission spectroscopy of the exoplanet WASP-19b with VLT+FORS2
摘要：
在过去的几年里，对系外行星的研究已经从纯粹的发现，然后在性质上更具探索性，最后变得非常量化。特别是，透射光谱学现在允许研究系外行星大气。这些研究严重依赖于空间或大型地面设施，因为需要进行时间分辨，高信噪比光谱学。最近在ESO的甚大望远镜上更换了FORS 2大气衍射校正器的棱镜，这应该使我们能够达到比以往任何时候都更高的数据质量。利用FORS 2，我们获得了WASP-19 b的第一个地面光学透射光谱，在550- 830 nm范围内具有20 nm的分辨率。对于这颗行星，数据集代表了迄今为止获得的最高分辨率透射光谱。我们发现行星大气模型在790 nm的透射光谱redwards的大偏差，表明无论是不透明的额外来源不包括在当前的大气模型WASP-19 b或额外的，未开发的来源的系统学。尽管如此，这项工作显示了FORS 2的新潜力，可以比迄今为止更详细地研究系外行星的大气层。
英文摘要：
In the past few years, the study of exoplanets has evolved from being pure discovery, then being more exploratory in nature and finally becoming very quantitative. In particular, transmission spectroscopy now allows the study of exoplanetary atmospheres. Such studies rely heavily on space-based or large ground-based facilities, because one needs to perform time-resolved, high signal-to-noise spectroscopy. The very recent exchange of the prisms of the FORS2 atmospheric diffraction corrector on ESO's Very Large Telescope should allow us to reach higher data quality than was ever possible before. With FORS2, we have obtained the first optical ground-based transmission spectrum of WASP-19b, with 20 nm resolution in the 550--830 nm range. For this planet, the data set represents the highest resolution transmission spectrum obtained to date. We detect large deviations from planetary atmospheric models in the transmission spectrum redwards of 790 nm, indicating either additional sources of opacity not included in the current atmospheric models for WASP-19b or additional, unexplored sources of systematics. Nonetheless, this work shows the new potential of FORS2 for studying the atmospheres of exoplanets in greater detail than has been possible so far.
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