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arXiv 1503.03228cond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.quant-gasquant-ph
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量子涨落定理和功率测量

Quantum fluctuation theorems and power measurements

B. Prasanna Venkatesh, Gentaro Watanabe, Peter Talkner

摘要:

在克鲁克斯和贾津斯基的量子涨落定理的范式中,工作是由力协议开始和结束时的能量投影测量决定的。在类似于经典系统,我们认为另一种定义的工作所提供的功率的积分确定的集成的结果,在力协议的瞬时功率的重复测量。我们观察到,这样的定义的工作,尽管考虑到过程的依赖性,有不同的可能值和统计的工作确定的传统的两个能量测量方法(TEMA)。在功率的许多投影测量的限制中,由于量子芝诺效应导致统计仅平凡地依赖于力协议,系统的动态被冻结在功率测量基础中。在一般情况下,Jarzynski关系是不满足的情况下,除了瞬时功率运营商与总的哈密尔顿在所有的时间交换。我们还考虑属性的联合统计的功率为基础的定义的工作和TEMA工作的协议,这两个值是确定的。这使我们能够量化它们的相关性。放松投影测量条件,弱连续测量的功率被认为是随机主方程形式主义。即使在这种情况下,基于功率的工作统计通常也不能再现TEMA工作统计的定性特征。

英文摘要:

Work in the paradigm of the quantum fluctuation theorems of Crooks and Jarzynski is determined by projective measurements of energy at the beginning and end of the force protocol. In analogy to classical systems, we consider an alternative definition of work given by the integral of the supplied power determined by integrating up the results of repeated measurements of the instantaneous power during the force protocol. We observe that such a definition of work, in spite of taking account of the process dependence, has different possible values and statistics from the work determined by the conventional two energy measurement approach (TEMA). In the limit of many projective measurements of power, the system's dynamics is frozen in the power measurement basis due to the quantum Zeno effect leading to statistics only trivially dependent on the force protocol. In general the Jarzynski relation is not satisfied except for the case when the instantaneous power operator commutes with the total Hamiltonian at all times. We also consider properties of the joint statistics of power-based definition of work and TEMA work in protocols where both values are determined. This allows us to quantify their correlations. Relaxing the projective measurement condition, weak continuous measurements of power are considered within the stochastic master equation formalism. Even in this scenario the power-based work statistics is in general not able to reproduce qualitative features of the TEMA work statistics.

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