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arXiv 1503.00734astro-ph.CO
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Illustris宇宙中的氢再电离

Hydrogen Reionization in the Illustris universe

Andreas Bauer, Volker Springel, Mark Vogelsberger, Shy Genel, Paul Torrey, Debora Sijacki, Dylan Nelson, Lars Hernquist

摘要:

星系形成的流体动力学模拟,如Illustris模拟,已经发展到一个状态,他们近似地再现所观察到的恒星质量函数从高到低的红移。这在原则上允许自洽模型的再电离,利用扩散气体分布的准确表示连同这些模拟提供的星系的现实增长,在一个有代表性的宇宙体积。在这项工作中,我们应用和比较两个辐射转移算法实现GPU加速代码的$106.5\,{\rm Mpc}$宽体积的Illustris在后处理,以调查再电离过渡预测该模型。我们发现,第一代星系形成的插图是几乎能够reflecting宇宙的红移$z\sim 7$,提供相当乐观的假设逃逸分数和分辨率的限制。我们最乐观的模型发现光学深度为$τ\simeq 0.065$,这与最近的普朗克2015年的测定非常一致。此外,我们表明,基于矩的方法与M1封闭辐射转移给出了广泛一致的结果与我们的角度分辨辐射转移计划。在我们喜欢的基准模型中,20%的氢被红移的$z=9.20$重电离,而这迅速攀升到80%的红移的$z=6.92$。然后,直到$z=6.24$,99%的氢被电离。平均而言,再电离在我们的模型中进行“由内而外”,再电离气泡的尺寸分布逐渐具有越来越大的尺寸区域,而小气泡的丰度保持相当恒定。

英文摘要:

Hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation such as the Illustris simulations have progressed to a state where they approximately reproduce the observed stellar mass function from high to low redshift. This in principle allows self-consistent models of reionization that exploit the accurate representation of the diffuse gas distribution together with the realistic growth of galaxies provided by these simulations, within a representative cosmological volume. In this work, we apply and compare two radiative transfer algorithms implemented in a GPU-accelerated code to the $106.5\,{\rm Mpc}$ wide volume of Illustris in postprocessing in order to investigate the reionization transition predicted by this model. We find that the first generation of galaxies formed by Illustris is just about able to reionize the universe by redshift $z\sim 7$, provided quite optimistic assumptions about the escape fraction and the resolution limitations are made. Our most optimistic model finds an optical depth of $τ\simeq 0.065$, which is in very good agreement with recent Planck 2015 determinations. Furthermore, we show that moment-based approaches for radiative transfer with the M1 closure give broadly consistent results with our angular-resolved radiative transfer scheme. In our favoured fiducial model, 20\% of the hydrogen is reionized by redshift $z=9.20$, and this rapidly climbs to 80\% by redshift $z=6.92$. It then takes until $z=6.24$ before 99\% of the hydrogen is ionized. On average, reionization proceeds `inside-out' in our models, with a size distribution of reionized bubbles that progressively features regions of ever larger size while the abundance of small bubbles stays fairly constant.

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