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arXiv 1502.06899cs.ITcs.NImath.IT
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蜂窝网络中定位基本原理的易于分析

Towards a Tractable Analysis of Localization Fundamentals in Cellular Networks

Javier Schloemann, Harpreet S. Dhillon, R. Michael Buehrer

摘要:

当专用定位系统(例如GPS)不可用时,移动终端别无选择,只能回退到其蜂窝网络上进行定位。由于到其周围基站(BS)的信道条件的随机变化,移动终端很可能面对有利和不利的定位几何形状的混合。本地化性能的分析研究(例如,使用Cramér-Rao下限)通常要求固定BS几何形状,并且有利的几何形状一直是文献中的优选。然而,不仅所得到的分析结果被限制到所选择的几何,这种做法很可能导致对典型的本地化性能的过度乐观的期望。理想情况下,定位性能应该在所有可能的几何设置中进行研究,从而消除任何选择偏差。然而,这是已知的困难,并且仅在模拟中进行。在本文中,我们开发了一种新的易处理的方法,我们赋予BS的位置与分布通过建模为泊松点过程(PPP),并使用随机几何工具,以获得易于使用的表达式的关键性能指标。特别地,我们关注检测到某个最小数量的BS的概率,这被示出与网络运营商获得令人满意的定位性能的能力(例如,符合FCC E911要求)。该度量与定位技术无关(例如,TOA、TDOA、AOA或其混合),尽管不同的技术将可能导致不同的BS可听性要求。为了减轻过多的干扰,由于存在的主导干扰的其他BS的形式,我们将BS的协调和频率重用在建议的框架和量化分析所产生的性能增益。

英文摘要:

When dedicated positioning systems, such as GPS, are unavailable, a mobile device has no choice but to fall back on its cellular network for localization. Due to random variations in the channel conditions to its surrounding base stations (BS), the mobile device is likely to face a mix of both favorable and unfavorable geometries for localization. Analytical studies of localization performance (e.g., using the Cramér-Rao lower bound) usually require that one fix the BS geometry, and favorable geometries have always been the preferred choice in the literature. However, not only are the resulting analytical results constrained to the selected geometry, this practice is likely to lead to overly-optimistic expectations of typical localization performance. Ideally, localization performance should be studied across all possible geometric setups, thereby also removing any selection bias. This, however, is known to be hard and has been carried out only in simulation. In this paper, we develop a new tractable approach where we endow the BS locations with a distribution by modeling them as a Poisson point process (PPP), and use tools from stochastic geometry to obtain easy-to-use expressions for key performance metrics. In particular, we focus on the probability of detecting some minimum number of BSs, which is shown to be closely coupled with a network operator's ability to obtain satisfactory localization performance (e.g., meet FCC E911 requirements). This metric is indifferent to the localization technique (e.g., TOA, TDOA, AOA, or hybrids thereof), though different techniques will presumably lead to different BS hearability requirements. In order to mitigate excessive interference due to the presence of dominant interferers in the form of other BSs, we incorporate both BS coordination and frequency reuse in the proposed framework and quantify the resulting performance gains analytically.

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