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arXiv 1502.05665astro-ph.HE
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蟹状星云:用ARGO-YBJ进行的五年观测

Crab Nebula: five-year observation with ARGO-YBJ

YBJ Collaboration

摘要:

ARGO-YBJ空气簇射探测器从2007年11月到2013年2月监测了蟹状星云的伽马射线发射。由$\sim$ 3.3 $\times$ 10 $^5$事件组成的积分信号达到21.1标准差的统计学显著性。在0.3 - 20 TeV能量范围内所获得的能谱可用幂律函数dN/dE = I $_0$来描述(E/2 TeV)$^{-α}$,通量归一化I $_0$ =(5.2 $\pm$ 0.2)$\times$ 10 $^{-12}$光子cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$ TeV $^{-1}$和$α$ = 2.63 $\pm$ 0.05,对应于高于1TeV的1.97 $\times$ × 10 $^{-11}$光子cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$的积分通量。系统误差估计为小于30 $\%$的通量归一化和0.06的光谱指数。假设具有指数截止dN/dE = I $_0$(E/2 TeV)$^{-α}$ $\exp$(-E/E $_{cut}$)的幂律谱,截止能量E $_{cut}$的下限为12 TeV,在90 $\%$置信水平。我们的扩展数据集允许在长时间尺度上研究TeV发射。在五年的时间里,蟹状星云在200天的光变曲线与稳定发射的概率为7.3 $\times$ 10 $^{-2}$是一致的。使用两个实验的光变曲线对$\sim$ 4.5年的费米-LAT数据进行相关分析,得出皮尔逊相关系数$r$ = 0.56 $\pm$ 0.22。关于通量变化的时间尺度的天,一个“盲”搜索耀斑的持续时间为1 - 15天,给出了没有超过四个标准差的显着性。在费米-LAT探测到的三个最强大的耀斑期间,ARGO-YBJ测量的平均速率为205 $\pm$ 91光子/天$^{-1}$,与137 $\pm$ 10天$^{-1}$的平均值一致。

英文摘要:

The ARGO-YBJ air shower detector monitored the Crab Nebula gamma ray emission from 2007 November to 2013 February. The integrated signal, consisting of $\sim$3.3 $\times$ 10$^5$ events,reached the statistical significance of 21.1 standard deviations. The obtained energy spectrum in the energy range 0.3-20 TeV can be described by a power law function dN/dE = I$_0$ (E / 2 TeV)$^{-α}$, with a flux normalization I$_0$ = (5.2 $\pm$ 0.2) $\times$ 10$^{-12}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ TeV$^{-1}$ and $α$ = 2.63 $\pm$ 0.05, corresponding to an integrated flux above 1 TeV of 1.97 $\times$ 10$^{-11}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The systematic error is estimated to be less than 30$\%$ for the flux normalization and 0.06 for the spectral index. Assuming a power law spectrum with an exponential cutoff dN/dE = I$_0$ (E / 2 TeV)$^{-α}$ $\exp$ (-E / E$_{cut}$), the lower limit of the cutoff energy E$_{cut}$ is 12 TeV, at 90$\%$ confidence level. Our extended dataset allows the study of the TeV emission over long timescales. Over five years, the light curve of the Crab Nebula in 200-day bins is compatible with a steady emission with a probability of 7.3 $\times$ 10$^{-2}$. A correlated analysis with Fermi-LAT data over $\sim$4.5 years using the light curves of the two experiments gives a Pearson correlation coefficient $r$ = 0.56 $\pm$ 0.22. Concerning flux variations on timescales of days, a "blind" search for flares with a duration of 1-15 days gives no excess with a significance higher than four standard deviations. The average rate measured by ARGO-YBJ during the three most powerful flares detected by Fermi-LAT is 205 $\pm$ 91 photons day$^{-1}$, consistent with the average value of 137 $\pm$ 10 day$^{-1}$.

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