Here, we report on observations of two hard X-ray sources that were originally discovered with the INTEGRAL satellite: IGR J04059+5416 and IGR J08297-4250. We use the Chandra X-ray Observatory to localize the sources and then archival near-IR images to identify the counterparts. Both sources have counterparts in the catalog of extended 2 Micron All-Sky Survey sources, and the counterpart to IGR J04059+5416 has been previously identified as a galaxy. Thus, we place IGR J04059+5416 in the class of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), and we suggest that IGR J08297-4250 is also an AGN. If this identification is correct, the near-IR images suggest that the host galaxy of IGR J08297-4250 may be merging with a smaller nearby galaxy. For IGR J04059+5416, the 0.3-86 keV spectrum from Chandra and INTEGRAL is consistent with an absorbed power-law with a column density of N_H = 3.1(+2.0)(-1.5)e22 cm-2 and a photon index of Gamma = 1.4+/-0.7, and we suggest that it is a Seyfert galaxy. For IGR J08297-4250, the photon index is similar, Gamma = 1.5+/-0.8, but the source is highly absorbed (N_H = 6.1(+10.1)(-4.3)e23 cm-2).
Here we report on X-ray observations of ten 17-60 keV sources discovered by the INTEGRAL satellite. The primary new information is sub-arcsecond positions obtained by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. In six cases (IGR J17040-4305, IGR J18017-3542, IGR J18112-2641, IGR J18434-0508, IGR J19504+3318, and IGR J20084+3221), a unique Chandra counterpart is identified with a high degree of certainty, and for five of these sources (all but J19504), Gaia distances or proper motions indicate that they are Galactic sources. For four of these, the most likely classifications are that the sources are magneti…
A Chandra Study of the Radio Galaxy NGC 326: Wings, Outburst History, and AGN Feedback
NGC 326是最突出的X或Z形射电星系(XRG/ZRG)之一,并一直是几项研究的主题,试图通过流体运动或喷流轴的重新定向来解释其形态。我们研究了一个100 ks的档案钱德拉曝光,并发现与射电星系相关的几个功能:高温前,可能表明一个冲击,高温结周围的无线电发射的边缘,和一个腔与东翼的射电星系。根据射电数据对这些特征的合理解释使我们能够重建活动星系核爆发的历史。这次活跃的爆发很可能曾经是一个强大的射电源,但后来已经衰减,间接证据表明,重新定向是产生翅膀的手段。由于射电星系与ICM之间存在明显的相互作用,并且主动叶和翼之间存在很大的间隔,我们得出结论,XRG是通过测量与主动和被动加热机制相关的加热率来研究星系群中AGN反馈的极好来源。
Swift J1818.0-1607 is a new radio-loud magnetar discovered by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope on 2020 March 12. It has a magnetic field B~2.5e14 G, spin-down luminosity of 7.2e35 ergs/s, and characteristic age of ~470yr. Here we report on the Chandra observations of Swift J1818.0-1607, which allowed for a high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic study of the magnetar and its environment. The 1-10 keV spectrum of the magnetar is best described by a single blackbody model with a temperature of 1.2\pm0.1 keV and an unabsorbed flux of 1.9e-11 ergs/cm^2/s. This implies an X-ray luminosity of ~9.6e…
We have computed obscured AGN redshifts using the XZ method, adopting a broad treatment in which we employed a wide-ranging data set and worked primarily at the XZ counts sensitivity threshold, culminating with a redshift catalog containing 121 sources that lack documented redshifts. We considered 363 obscured AGN from the Chandra Source Catalog Release 2.0, 59 of which were selected using multiwavelength criteria while 304 were X-ray selected. One-third of the data set had cross-matched spectroscopic or photometric redshifts. These sources, dominated by low-$z$ and low-$N_H$ AGN, were supplem…
Chandra Detection of the Circumnuclear Molecular Torus of the Compton Thick AGN in NGC 5643
本文报道了在康普顿厚活动星系核(CT AGN)星系NGC 5643的核区,用深钱德拉ACIS高分辨率的Fe Kα线辐射成像发现的一个星团状拉长特征。此功能可扩展至约65 pc N-S。在3.0-6.0 keV连续区中没有看到相应的特征。Fe Kα特征在空间上与在使用ALMA的CO(2-1)高分辨率成像中发现的N-S伸长一致(Alonso-Herrero et al 2018),但比CO(2-1)线的运动学所指示的r=26 pc的旋转分子盘稍长。Chandra在中性Fe Kα线上探测到了相应的N-S结构,这将证明CO和Fe Kα发射都来自于模糊环。
We present a systematic study of X-ray cavities using archival Chandra observations of nearby galaxy clusters selected by their Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) signature in the Planck survey, which provides a nearly unbiased mass-selected sample to explore the entire AGN feedback duty cycle. Based on X-ray image analysis, we report that 30 of the 164 clusters show X-ray cavities, which corresponds to a detection fraction of 18%. After correcting for spatial resolution to match the high-$z$ SPT-SZ sample, the detection fraction decreases to 9%, consistent with the high-z sample, hinting that the AGN fe…
Even in deep X-ray surveys, Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (CT AGNs, ${\rm N_H} \geqslant 1.5~\times~10^{24}~{\rm cm}^{-2}$) are difficult to be identified due to X-ray flux suppression and their complex spectral shape. However, the study of CT AGNs is vital for understanding the rapid growth of black holes and the origin of cosmic X-ray background. In the local universe, the fraction of CT AGNs accounts for 30% of the whole AGN population. We may expect a higher fraction of CT AGNs in deep X-ray surveys, however, only 10% of AGNs have been identified as CT AGNs in the 7 Ms \textit{Chand…
We present the combined Chandra and Swift-BAT spectral analysis of nine low-redshift (z <= 0.10), candidate heavily obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) selected from the Swift-BAT 150-month catalog. We located soft (1-10 keV) X-ray counterparts to these BAT sources and joint fit their spectra with physically motivated models.The spectral analysis in the 1-150 keV energy band determined that all sources are obscured, with a line-of-sight column density NH >= 10^22 cm^-2 at a 90% confidence level. Four of these sources show significant obscuration with NH >= 10^23 cm^-2 and two additional sour…
Multi-wavelength campaign on NGC 7469: III. Spectral energy distribution and the AGN wind photoionisation modelling, plus detection of diffuse X-rays from the starburst with Chandra HETGS
We present the spatial analysis of five Compton thick (CT) active galactic nuclei (AGNs), including MKN 573, NGC 1386, NGC 3393, NGC 5643, and NGC 7212, for which high resolution Chandra observations are available. For each source, we find hard X-ray emission (>3 keV) extending to ~kpc scales along the ionization cone, and for some sources, in the cross-cone region. This collection represents the first, high-signal sample of CT AGN with extended hard X-ray emission for which we can begin to build a more complete picture of this new population of AGN. We investigate the energy dependence of the…
Radiation pressure, absorption and AGN feedback in the Chandra Deep Fields
活动星系核(AGN)中央引擎周围存在吸收气体是这些天体的共同特征。最近的工作着眼于气体的尘埃成分的影响,以及它如何提高辐射压力,使含尘气体可以有一个较低的有效爱丁顿限制比电离气体。在这项工作中,我们使用多波长的数据和X射线光谱从2毫秒曝光的钱德拉深场北和钱德拉深场南调查,以确定活动星系核的爱丁顿比和氢柱密度。它们的分布进行比较,当考虑到尘埃和气体之间的耦合预测。我们的最终样本包括来自两个领域的234个对象,最大和最深的AGN样本,这种比较已经取得了最新的。我们发现,样本中的活动星系核大多倾向于在低爱丁顿比(通常在1 e-4和1 e-1之间)和高柱密度(> 1 e 22 cm^-2)下发现,而黑洞的质量在~ 1 e 8和1 e 9太阳质量之间。它们的分布与增强辐射压力模型的预期一致,避开了我们预测存在外流的区域。我们还研究了活动星系核辐射压力和引力势之间的平衡如何影响星系核球中云的行为,并描述了一种增强的辐射压力可以导致黑洞/星系标度关系的基本平面的情况。
A Chandra observation of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy IRAS 19254--7245 (the Superantennae): X-ray emission from the Compton-thick AGN and the diffuse starburst
我们提出了一个IRAS 19254- 7245的{ \it Chandra}观测,它是一个邻近的ULIRG,也被称为{ \it the Superantennas}。高空间分辨率的{ \it钱德拉}使我们能够解开第一次从嵌入康普顿厚的活动星系核的弥漫星暴辐射。活动星系核的2-10 keV辐射谱符合平坦的幂律($Γ=1.3$)和类He的Fe K $α$谱线,EW $\sim$ 1.5 keV,与以前的观测结果一致。Fe K $α$谱线轮廓可以被解析为中性6.4 keV谱线和电离6.7 keV(类He)或6.9 keV(类H)谱线的混合。与以前的{ \it XMM-Newton}和{ \it suzaku}观测相比,检测到了变化,证明了铁谱线发射的紧凑尺寸。我们拟合的光谱的星系尺度扩展发射不包括活动星系核和其他亮点源的软热分量与kT~0.8 keV。扩展辐射的亮度比活动星系核的亮度低一个数量级。扩展辐射的基本物理和结构性质与星暴驱动的星系风完全一致(不需要AGN的反馈)。在南核以南8 \arcsec处检测到候选超亮X射线源。如果发射是各向同性的,并且与超天线有关,那么这个离核点源的0.3-10 keV光度为~ $6\times 10^{40}$ erg s $^{-1}$。
We present a reanalysis of the cumulative ACIS S Chandra data set pointed at the double AGNs of the NGC 6240 merging galaxy, focusing on the hard energy bands containing the hard spectral continuum (5.5-5.9 keV), the redshifted Fe I K alpha line (6.0-6.4 keV), and the redshifted Fe XXV line (6.4-6.7 keV). We have used to the full the Chandra telescope angular resolution, and we have modeled the Chandra PSF by comparing pre-flight calibration model to the data for the two bright AGNs. With two complementary approaches: (1) studying the residuals after PSF subtraction, and (2) producing reconstr…
Chandra X-ray and Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Optically Selected Kiloparsec-Scale Binary Active Galactic Nuclei II: Host Galaxy Morphology and AGN Activity
The VLA Survey of the Chandra Deep Field South. V. Evolution and Luminosity Functions of sub-mJy radio sources and the issue of radio emission in radio-quiet AGN
We present X-ray spectral analysis of XMM and Chandra observations in the 31.3 deg$^2$ Stripe-82X (S82X) field. Of the 6181 X-ray sources in this field, we analyze a sample of 2937 active galactic nuclei (AGN) with solid redshifts and sufficient counts determined by simulations. Our results show a population with median values of spectral index $Γ=1.94_{-0.39}^{+0.31}$, column density log$\,N_{\mathrm{H}}/\mathrm{cm}^{-2}=20.7_{-0.5}^{+1.2}$ and intrinsic, de-absorbed, 2-10 keV luminosity log$\,L_{\mathrm{X}}/\mathrm{erg\,s}^{-1}=44.0_{-1.0}^{+0.7}$, in the redshift range 0-4. We derive the in…
Abell 407 (A407) is a unique galaxy cluster hosting a central compact group of nine galaxies (named as 'Zwicky's Nonet'; G1 - G9 in this work) within a 30 kpc radius region. The cluster core also hosts a luminous radio active galactic nucleus (AGN), 4C 35.06 with helically twisted jets extending over 200 kpc. With a 44 ks Chandra observation of A407, we characterize the X-ray properties of its intracluster medium (ICM) and central galaxies. The mean X-ray temperature of A407 is 2.7 keV and the $M_{200}$ is $1.9 \times 10^{14} {M_{\odot}}$. We suggest that A407 has a weak cool core at $r < 60$ …
Chandra Discovery of 10 New X-Ray Jets Associated With FR II Radio Core-Selected AGNs in the MOJAVE Sample
Chandra X射线观测站是研究活动星系核(AGN)喷流高能辐射过程的重要工具,我们从射电通量限制的MOJAVE(Monitoring of Jets in AGN with VLBA Experiments)高度相对论性喷流样本中选取了27个AGN样本,在千秒尺度上寻找X射线与射电辐射之间的相关性。该样本由所有MOJAVE类星体组成,这些类星体在1.4 GHz处具有超过100 mJy的扩展无线电发射和至少3”大小的无线电结构。钱德拉以前的观测已经揭示了样品中14个成员中的11个中的X射线射流,我们对其余13个源进行了新的观测。在后者中,10个有X射线喷射,使总体检测率达到约78%。我们的选择标准,这是基于高度紧凑,相对论束喷流发射和大的扩展无线电流量,从而提供了一个有效的方法来发现新的X射线喷流与活动星系核。探测到的X射线喷流形态一般与无线电发射有很好的相关性,除了那些在无线电波段显示出急剧弯曲的喷流。这些强大的FR II(Fanaroff-Riley II型)喷流的X射线发射机制可以解释为相对论喷流中的电子对宇宙微波背景(IC/CMB)光子的逆康普顿散射。我们推导出的喷气机的视角,假设一个非弯曲,非减速模型,通过使用超光速秒差距尺度的速度以及参数来自逆康普顿X射线模型。我们使用这些角度来计算最适合的多普勒和体积洛伦兹因子的射流,以及它们的可能范围,这导致在某些情况下的体积洛伦…
We confirm that the spectra are best fit by a model containing two Compton reflection components, one from distant material, and the other displaying relativistic broadening, most likely from the inner accretion disk. The degree of relativistic broadening indicates a preference for high black hole spin, but the reflection is weaker than that expected for a flat disk illuminated by a point source. We investigate the Compton reflection signatures as a function of luminosity, redshift and obscuration, confirming an X-ray Baldwin effect for both the narrow and broad components of the iron line. An…
We present the joint Chandra, XMM-Newton and NuSTAR analysis of two nearby Seyfert galaxies, NGC 3081 and ESO 565-G019. These are the only two having Chandra data in a larger sample of ten low redshift ($z \le 0.05$), candidates Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) selected in the 15-150 keV band with Swift-BAT that were still lacking NuSTAR data. Our spectral analysis, performed using physically-motivated models, provides an estimate of both the line-of-sight (l.o.s.) and average (N$_{H,S}$) column densities of the two torii. NGC 3081 has a Compton-thin l.o.s. column density N$_{H,z}$=[…
Variability-selected low-luminosity active galactic nuclei candidates in the 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South
在深X射线巡天中,已经发现了光度范围很广的活动星系核。然而,宇宙学上遥远的低光度活动星系核(LLAGN,$L_{\mathrm{X}} \lesssim 10^{42}$ erg s $^{-1}$)的识别仍然是一个挑战,由于来自宿主星系的显着污染。基于7 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South(CDF-S)调查,迄今为止最长的时间尺度($\sim 17$ years)的深X射线调查,我们利用X射线可变性选择技术来搜索在CDF-S X射线源中仍然未被识别的LLAGN。我们发现13个变量源从110个未分类的CDF-S X射线源。除了一个可能是超亮X射线源外,其余12个源的变化很可能是由于吸积超大质量黑洞造成的。这12个活动星系核候选者具有较低的本征X射线光度,中值为$7 \times10^{40}$ erg s $^{-1}$。它们通常不会被严重遮蔽,平均有效幂律光子指数为1.8。可变活动星系核在CDF-S中的比例与X射线光度无关,仅受观测到的净计数总数的限制,证实了以前的研究结果,即X射线可变性是活动星系核在很宽的光度范围内几乎无处不在的特性。对于高光度活动星系核,X射线光度与变率振幅之间存在反相关,但当光度下降到$\lesssim 10^{42}$ erg s $^{-1}$时,变率振幅不再依赖于光度。整个观测到的亮度变化趋势可以大致再现的经验AGN可变性模型的基…