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arXiv 1502.05013quant-ph
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自由粒子的相干态和半经典态

Coherent and semiclassical states of a free particle

V. G. Bagrov, D. M. Gitman, A. S. Pereira

摘要:

相干态(CS)首先被引入并详细研究了束缚运动和离散谱系统,如谐振子和具有二次哈密顿量的类似系统。然而,对于自由粒子这种最简单和物理上重要的情况,构造CS的问题还没有被详细地研究过,因为CS问题除了在物理上重要之外,在量子力学的教学中也具有教学价值,CS被认为是代表半经典运动的波包的例子。本文基本上遵循Malkin-Dodonov-Man'ko方法构造了自由非相对论粒子的CS。我们给出了一个详细的讨论的性质CS获得,特别是,完整性关系,最小化的不确定性关系,以及相应的概率密度的演变。我们描述的物理条件下,自由粒子CS可以被认为是半经典状态。

英文摘要:

Coherent states (CS) were first introduced and studied in detail for bound motion and discrete-spectrum systems like harmonic oscillators and similar systems with a quadratic Hamiltonian. However, the problem of constructing CS has still not been investigated in detail for the simplest and physically important case of a free particle, for which, besides being physically important, the CS problem is of didactic value in teaching quantum mechanics, with the CS regarded as examples of wave packets representing semiclassical motion. In this paper, we essentially follow the Malkin-Dodonov-Man'ko method to construct the CS of a free nonrelativistic particle. We give a detailed discussion of the properties of the CS obtained, in particular, the completeness relations, the minimization of uncertainty relations, and the evolution of the corresponding probability density. We describe the physical conditions under which free-particle CS can be considered semiclassical states.

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