Non-loose Legendrian spheres with trivial Contact Homology DGA
Tobias Ekholm
备注：
The main result in the paper is wrong. The Legendrian spheres claimed to be non-loose are in fact loose. The author thanks Emmy Murphy showing that the spheres are loose
Loose Legendrian n-submanifolds, for n at least 2, were introduced by Murphy and proved to be flexible in the h-principle sense: any two loose Legendrian submanifolds that are formally Legendrian isotopic are also actually Legendrian isotopic. Legendrian contact homology is a Floer theoretic invariant that associates a differential graded algebra (DGA) to a Legendrian submanifold. The DGA of a loose Legendrian submanifold is trivial.
We give a computation of the Legendrian contact homology (LCH) DGA for an arbitrary generic Legendrian surface $L$ in the $1$-jet space of a surface. As input we require a suitable cellular decomposition of the base projection of $L$. A collection of generators is associated to each cell, and the differential is given by explicit matrix formulas. In the present article, we prove that the equivalence class of this cellular DGA does not depend on the choice of decomposition, and in the sequel [35] we use this result to show that the cellular DGA is equivalent to the usual Legendrian contact homo…
This article is a continuation of [15]. For Legendrian surfaces in $1$-jet spaces, we prove that the Cellular DGA defined in [15] is stable tame isomorphic to the Legendrian contact homology DGA.
For $1$-dimensional Legendrian submanifolds of $1$-jet spaces, we extend the functorality of the Legendrian contact homology DG-algebra (DGA) from embedded exact Lagrangian cobordisms, as in \cite{EHK}, to a class of immersed exact Lagrangian cobordisms by considering their Legendrian lifts as conical Legendrian cobordisms. To a conical Legendrian cobordism $Σ$ from $Λ_-$ to $Λ_+$, we associate an immersed DGA map, which is a diagram $$\alg(Λ_+) \stackrel{f}{\rightarrow} \alg(Σ) \stackrel{i}{\hookleftarrow} \alg(Λ_-), $$ where $f$ is a DGA map and $i$ is an inclusion map. This construction giv…
We construct a Legendrian 2-torus in the 1-jet space of $S^1\times\R$ (or of $\R^2$) from a loop of Legendrian knots in the 1-jet space of $\R$. The differential graded algebra (DGA) for the Legendrian contact homology of the torus is explicitly computed in terms of the DGA of the knot and the monodromy operator of the loop. The contact homology of the torus is shown to depend only on the chain homotopy type of the monodromy operator. The construction leads to many new examples of Legendrian knotted tori. In particular, it allows us to construct a Legendrian torus with DGA which does not admit…
For a Legendrian knot L in R^3 with a chosen Morse complex sequence (MCS) we construct a differential graded algebra (DGA) whose differential counts "chord paths" in the front projection of L. The definition of the DGA is motivated by considering Morse-theoretic data from generating families. In particular, when the MCS arises from a generating family we give a geometric interpretation of our chord paths as certain broken gradient trajectories which we call "gradient staircases". Given two equivalent MCS's we prove the corresponding linearized complexes of the DGA are isomorphic. If the MCS ha…
Given an augmentation for a Legendrian surface in a $1$-jet space, $Λ\subset J^1(M)$, we explicitly construct an object, $\mathcal{F} \in Sh_Λ$, of the (derived) category from arXiv:1402.0490 of constructible sheaves on $M\times R$ with singular support determined by $Λ$. In the construction, we introduce a simplicial Legendrian DGA (differential graded algebra) for Legendrian submanifolds in $1$-jet spaces that, based on arXiv:1608.02984 and arXiv:1608.03011, is equivalent to the Legendrian contact homology DGA in the case of Legendrian surfaces. In addition, we extend the approach of arXiv:1…
We present the first examples of elements in the fundamental group of the space of Legendrian links in the standard contact 3-sphere whose action on the Legendrian contact DGA is of infinite order. This allows us to construct the first families of Legendrian links that can be shown to admit infinitely many Lagrangian fillings by Floer-theoretic techniques. These families include the first known Legendrian links with infinitely many fillings that are not rainbow closures of positive braids, and the smallest Legendrian link with infinitely many fillings known to date. We discuss how to use our e…
We prove a Seifert-van Kampen theorem for Legendrian submanifolds and exact Lagrangian cobordisms, and use it to calculate the change in the DGA caused by critical Legendrian ambient surgery.
Let E be a circle bundle over a Riemann surface that supports a contact structure transverse to the fibers. This paper presents a combinatorial definition of a differential graded algebra (DGA) that is an invariant of Legendrian knots in E. The invariant generalizes Chekanov's combinatorial DGA invariant of Legendrian knots in the standard contact 3-space using ideas from Eliashberg, Givental, and Hofer's contact homology. The main difficulty lies in dealing with what are ostensibly 1-parameter families of generators for the DGA; these are solved using ``Morse-Bott'' techniques. As an applicat…
In this article we study the differential graded algebra (DGA) invariant associated to Legendrian knots in tight lens spaces. Given a grid number one diagram for a knot in L(p, q), we show how to construct a special Lagrangian diagram suitable for computing the DGA invariant for the Legendrian knot specified by the diagram. We then specialize to L(p, p - 1) and show that for two families of knots, the existence of an augmentation of the DGA depends solely on the value of p.
We study satellites of Legendrian knots in R^3 and their relation to the Chekanov-Eliashberg differential graded algebra of the knot. In particular, we generalize the well-known correspondence between rulings of a Legendrian knot in R^3 and augmentations of its DGA by showing that the DGA has finite-dimensional representations if and only if there exist certain rulings of satellites of the knot. We derive several consequences of this result, notably that the question of existence of ungraded finite-dimensional representations for the DGA of a Legendrian knot depends only on the topological typ…
In this short note, we provide a criterion for DGA-homotopy of augmentations of Chekanov-Eliashberg algebra of disconnected Legendrian submanifolds. We apply the criterion to obtain the extension of geography results of Bourgeois and Galant concerning bilinearized Legendrian contact homology to the case of disconnected Legendrian submanifolds.
We give an $h$--principle type result for a class of Legendrian embeddings in contact manifolds of dimension at least $5$. These Legendrians, referred to as loose, have trivial pseudo-holomorphic invariants. We demonstrate they are classified up to Legendrian isotopy by their smooth isotopy class equipped with an almost complex framing. This result is inherently high dimensional: analogous results in dimension $3$ are false.
In this paper, via h-principle we prove that there exist contractible positive loops of Legendrian embeddings based at any loose Legendrian submanifold. As an application, we define a new partial order on $\widetilde{Cont}_0(M,ξ)$ and prove that overtwisted contact manifolds are weakly non-orderable.
We introduce constructions of exact Lagrangian cobordisms with cylindrical Legendrian ends and study their invariants which arise from Symplectic Field Theory. A pair $(X,L)$ consisting of an exact symplectic manifold $X$ and an exact Lagrangian cobordism $L\subset X$ which agrees with cylinders over Legendrian links $Λ_+$ and $Λ_-$ at the positive and negative ends induces a differential graded algebra (DGA) map from the Legendrian contact homology DGA of $Λ_+$ to that of $Λ_-$. We give a gradient flow tree description of the DGA maps for certain pairs $(X,L)$, which in turn yields a purely c…
Arboreal singularities are an important class of Lagrangian singularities. They are conical, meaning that they can be understood by studying their links, which are singular Legendrian spaces in $S^{2n-1}_{\text{std}}$. Loose Legendrians are a class of Legendrian spaces which satisfy an $h$--principle, meaning that their geometric classification is in bijective correspondence with their topological types. For the particular case of the linear arboreal singularities, we show that constructable sheaves suffice to detect whether any closed set of an arboreal link is loose.
For any Legendrian knot $K$ in standard contact ${\mathbb R}^3$ we relate counts of ungraded ($1$-graded) representations of the Legendrian contact homology DG-algebra $(\mathcal{A}(K),\partial)$ with the $n$-colored Kauffman polynomial. To do this, we introduce an ungraded $n$-colored ruling polynomial, $R^1_{n,K}(q)$, as a linear combination of reduced ruling polynomials of positive permutation braids and show that (i) $R^1_{n,K}(q)$ arises as a specialization $F_{n,K}(a,q)\big|_{a^{-1}=0}$ of the $n$-colored Kauffman polynomial and (ii) when $q$ is a power of two $R^1_{n,K}(q)$ agrees with …
We extend the sutured framework to the case of Legendrians with boundary. Using ideas from Lagrangian Floer theory, we define the cylindrical and the wrapped sutured Legendrian homologies of a pair of sutured Legendrians. They fit together into an exact sequence, and the exact triangle is invariant along an Legendrian isotopy fixed at the boundary. For a single Legendrian, we also define a wrapped version of its Chekanov-Eliashberg dga. Our main example of sutured Legendrian is obtained via the unit conormal construction : a submanifold $N \subset M$, such that $\partial N \subset \partial M$ …
We show that the presence of a plastikstufe induces a certain degree of flexibility in contact manifolds of dimension 2n+1>3. More precisely, we prove that every Legendrian knot whose complement contains a "nice" plastikstufe can be destabilized (and, as a consequence, is loose). As an application, it follows in certain situations that two non-isomorphic contact structures become isomorphic after connect-summing with a manifold containing a plastikstufe.
We construct positive loops of Legendrian submanifolds in several instances. In particular, we partially recover G. Liu's result stating that any loose Legendrian admits a positive loop, under some mild topological assumptions on the Legendrian. Moreover, we show contractibility of the constructed loops under an extra topological assumption.
We show how to orient moduli spaces of holomorphic disks with boundary on an exact Lagrangian immersion of a spin manifold into complex n-space in a coherent manner. This allows us to lift the coefficients of the contact homology of Legendrian spin submanifolds of standard contact (2n+1)-space from Z_2 to Z. We demonstrate how the Z-lift provides a more refined invariant of Legendrian isotopy. We also apply contact homology to produce lower bounds on double points of certain exact Lagrangian immersions into C^n and again including orientations strengthens the results. More precisely, we prove …
We study Legendrian and transverse realizations of the negative torus knots $T_{(p,-q)}$ in all contact structures on the $3$-sphere. We give a complete classification of the strongly non-loose transverse realizations and the strongly non-loose Legendrian realizations with the Thurston-Bennequin invariant smaller than $-pq$. Additionally, we show that the strongly non-loose transverse realizations $T$ are classified by their non-zero invariants $\mathfrak T(T)$ in the minus version of the knot Floer homology. However, not all the elements of $HFK^-(T_{(p,q)})$ can be realized. Along the way, w…
For any Legendrian link, L, in (\R^3, \ker(dz-y\,dx)) we define invariants, Aug_m(L,q), as normalized counts of augmentations from the Legendrian contact homology DGA of L into a finite field of order q where the parameter m is a divisor of twice the rotation number of L. Generalizing a result of Ng and Sabloff for the case q =2, we show the augmentation numbers, Aug_m(L,q), are determined by specializing the m-graded ruling polynomial, R^m_L(z), at z = q^{1/2}-q^{-1/2}. As a corollary, we deduce that the ruling polynomials are determined by the Legendrian contact homology DGA.
We prove a complete classification theorem for loose Legendrian knots in an oriented 3-manifold, generalizing results of Dymara and Ding-Geiges. Our approach is to classify knots in a $3$-manifold $M$ that are transverse to a nowhere-zero vector field $V$ up to the corresponding isotopy relation. Such knots are called $V$-transverse. A framed isotopy class is simple if any two $V$-transverse knots in that class which are homotopic through $V$-transverse immersions are $V$-transverse isotopic. We show that all knot types in $M$ are simple if any one of the following three conditions hold: $1.$ …
By a result due to Ziltener, there exist no closed embedded Bohr-Sommerfeld Lagrangians inside $\mathbb CP^n$ for the prequantisation bundle whose total space is the standard contact sphere. On the other hand, any embedded monotone Lagrangian torus has a canonical nontrivial cover which is a Bohr-Sommerfeld immersion. We draw the front projections for the corresponding Legendrian lifts inside a contact Darboux ball of the threefold covers of both the two-dimensional Clifford and Chekanov tori (the former is the Legendrian link of the Harvey-Lawson special Lagrangian cone), and compute the asso…
We define Hamiltonian simplex differential graded algebras (DGA) with differentials that deform the high energy symplectic homology differential and wrapped Floer homology differential in the cases of closed and open strings in a Weinstein manifold, respectively. The order $m$ term in the differential is induced by varying natural degree $m$ co-products over an $(m-1)$-simplex, where the operations near the boundary of the simplex are trivial. We show that the Hamiltonian simplex DGA is quasi-isomorphic to the (non-equivariant) contact homology algebra and to the Legendrian homology algebra of…
We show that if a Legendrian knot in standard contact ${\bb R}^3$ possesses a generating family then there exists an augmentation of the Chekanov-Eliashberg DGA so that the associated linearized contact homology (LCH) is isomorphic to singular homology groups arising from the generating family. In this setting we show Sabloff's duality result for LCH may be viewed as Alexander duality. In addition, we provide an explicit construction of a generating family for a front diagram with graded normal ruling and give a new approach to augmentation $\Rightarrow$ normal ruling.
We make the elementary observation that the Lagrangian submanifolds of $\mathbb{C}^n$, for each $n \ge 3$, constructed by Ekholm, Eliashberg, Murphy and Smith are non-uniruled and moreover have infinite relative Gromov width. The construction of these submanifolds use exact Lagrangian caps, which obviously are non-uniruled in themselves. This property is also used to show that if a Legendrian submanifold inside a 1-jet space admits an exact Lagrangian cap then its Legendrian contact homology DGA is acyclic.
We construct a new invariant of transverse links in the standard contact structure on R^3. This invariant is a doubly filtered version of the knot contact homology differential graded algebra (DGA) of the link. Here the knot contact homology of a link in R^3 is the Legendrian contact homology DGA of its conormal lift into the unit cotangent bundle S^*R^3 of R^3, and the filtrations are constructed by counting intersections of the holomorphic disks of the DGA differential with two conormal lifts of the contact structure. We also present a combinatorial formula for the filtered DGA in terms of b…
A Legendrian or transverse knot in an overtwisted contact 3-manifold is non-loose if its complement is tight and loose if its complement is overtwisted. We define three measures of the extent of non-looseness of a non-loose knot and show they are distinct.
We define invariants of null--homologous Legendrian and transverse knots in contact 3--manifolds. The invariants are determined by elements of the knot Floer homology of the underlying smooth knot. We compute these invariants, and show that they do not vanish for certain non--loose knots in overtwisted 3--spheres. Moreover, we apply the invariants to find transversely non--simple knot types in many overtwisted contact 3--manifolds.
We classify Legendrian unknots in overtwisted contact structures on $S^3$. In particular, we show that up to contact isotopy for every pair $(n,\pm(n-1))$ with $n>0$ there are exactly two oriented non-loose Legendrian unknots in $S^3$ with Thurston-Bennequin invariant $n$ and rotation number $\pm(n-1)$. (Only one overtwisted contact structure on $S^3$ admits a non-loose unknot $K$ and the classical invariants have to be $\mathrm{tb}(K)=n$ and $\mathrm{rot}(K)=\pm(n-1)$ for $n>1$.) This can be used to prove two results attributed to Y.~Che\-kan\-ov: The first implies that the contact mapping cl…
We use monopole Floer homology for sutured manifolds to construct invariants of Legendrian knots in a contact 3-manifold. These invariants assign to a knot K in Y elements of the monopole knot homology KHM(-Y,K), and they strongly resemble the knot Floer homology invariants of Lisca, Ozsváth, Stipsicz, and Szabó. We prove several vanishing results, investigate their behavior under contact surgeries, and use this to construct many examples of non-loose knots in overtwisted 3-manifolds. We also show that these invariants are functorial with respect to Lagrangian concordance.
In this note, we define a new invariant of a Legendrian knot in a contact manifold using an open book decomposition supporting the contact structure. We define the support genus sg(L) of a Legendrian knot L in a contact 3-manifold (M, ξ) as the minimal genus of a page of an open book of M supporting the contact structure ξsuch that L sits on a page and the framing given by the contact structure and by the page agree. We show any null-homologous loose knot in an overtwisted contact structure has support genus zero. To prove this, we observe any topological knot or link in any 3-manifold M sits …
We prove that Legendrian and transverse links in overtwisted contact structures having overtwisted complements can be classified coarsely by their classical invariants. We further prove that any coarse equivalence class of loose links has support genus zero and constructed examples to show that the converse does not hold.
We prove that each overtwisted contact structure has knot types that are represented by infinitely many distinct transverse knots all with the same self-linking number. In some cases, we can even classify all such knots. We also show similar results for Legendrian knots and prove a "folk" result concerning loose transverse and Legendrian knots (that is knots with overtwisted complements) which says that such knots are determined by their classical invariants (up to contactomorphism). Finally we discuss how these results partially fill in our understanding of the "geography" and "botany"' probl…
Y. Eliashberg and N. Mishachev introduced the notion of wrinkled embedding to show that any tangential homotopy can be approximated by a homotopy of topological embeddings with mild singularities. This concept plays an important role in Contact Topology: The loose legendrian h-principle of E. Murphy relies on wrinkled embeddings to manipulate the legendrian front. Similarly, the simplification of legendrian front singularities was proven by D. Álvarez-Gavela by defining the notion of wrinkled legendrian. This paper and its sequel generalise these ideas to general jet spaces. The main theorem i…
The h-principle fails for prelegendrians in corank 2 fat distributions
Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Utrecht University（乌得勒支大学）；Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas（西班牙高等科学研究委员会数学科学研究所）；Universidad Complutense de Madrid（马德里康普顿斯大学）
