According to the dominant view, time in perceptual decision making is used for integrating new sensory evidence. Based on a probabilistic framework, we investigated the alternative hypothesis that time is used for gradually refining an internal estimate of uncertainty, that is to obtain an increasingly accurate approximation of the posterior distribution through collecting samples from it. In the context of a simple orientation estimation task, we analytically derived predictions of how humans should behave under the two hypotheses, and identified the across-trial correlation between error and subjective uncertainty as a proper assay to distinguish between them. Next, we developed a novel experimental paradigm that could be used to reliably measure these quantities, and tested the predictions derived from the two hypotheses. We found that in our task, humans show clear evidence that they use time mostly for probabilistic sampling and not for evidence integration. These results provide the first empirical support for iteratively improving probabilistic representations in perceptual decision making, and open the way to reinterpret the role of time in the cortical processing of complex sensory information.
Inferring response times of perceptual decisions with Poisson variational autoencoders
VIB–Neuroelectronics Research Flanders（VIB神经电子研究佛兰德斯）；KU Leuven（库尔勒大学）；Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, UC Berkeley（赫伯特·韦尔泰姆视觉科学学院，伯克利大学）；Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, UC Berkeley（红木理论神经科学中心，伯克利大学）
Sight, smell and more: What cues do free-ranging dogs use for decision-making while scavenging?
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata（印度科学教育研究所加尔各答分校）；Auburn University（奥本大学）；Mangalore University（芒格洛尔大学）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)- Pune（印度科学教育研究所浦那分校）；National Brain Research Centre（国家脑研究中心）；Regional Institute of Education, Bhubaneswar（布巴内斯瓦尔地区教育学院）；Huon Aquaculture（休恩水产养殖公司）；Australian Institute of Marine Science（澳大利亚海洋科学研究所）；Visva Bharati University（维斯瓦·巴拉蒂大学）；Hester Biosciences Limited（赫斯特生物科学有限公司）；University of Kalyani（卡利亚尼大学）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur（印度科学教育研究所贝尔汉普尔分校）
Exploring Cognitive Paradoxes in Video Games: A Quantum Mechanical Perspective
Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Futures Institute, Charles Sturt University（查尔斯斯特大学人工智能与网络未来研究所）；The Alan Turing Institute（阿兰·图灵研究所）；The University of Sydney Business School（悉尼大学商学院）
