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arXiv 1502.02676astro-ph.HE
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高红移伽马射线暴的总体

Accessing the population of high redshift Gamma Ray Bursts

G. Ghirlanda, R. Salvaterra, G. Ghisellini, S. Mereghetti, G. Tagliaferri, S. Campana, J. P. Osborne, P. O'Brien, N. Tanvir, R. Willingale, L. Amati, S. Basa, M… 展开作者

G. Ghirlanda, R. Salvaterra, G. Ghisellini, S. Mereghetti, G. Tagliaferri, S. Campana, J. P. Osborne, P. O'Brien, N. Tanvir, R. Willingale, L. Amati, S. Basa, M. G. Bernardini, D. Burlon, S. Covino, P. D'Avanzo, F. Frontera, D. Gotz, A. Melandri, L. Nava, L. Piro, S. D. Vergani

摘要:

伽马射线暴(GRB)是探测高红移宇宙的有力工具。我们提出了一个工具来估计高Z伽玛暴的检测率由一个通用的探测器定义的能带和灵敏度。我们的基础上,人口模型,再现所观察到的性质的伽玛暴检测到的雨燕,费米和CGRO在硬X射线和伽马射线波段。我们提供了不同能带的模拟伽玛暴的通量和注量的预期累积分布。我们表明,闪烁体探测器,在相对较高的能量(例如,几十千电子伏的MeV),可以检测到最明亮的伽玛射线暴在高红移由于峰值光谱能量和亮度(Ep-Liso)的伽玛射线暴之间的联系。我们发现,捕捉最大数量的高Z爆发的最佳策略是去软(例如,在软X射线波段),但具有非常高的灵敏度。例如,在0.2-5 keV能量带工作的成像软X射线探测器达到了对应于~10^-8 erg cm^-2的通量的灵敏度,预计在z>5时可以探测到~40个γ暴yr^-1 sr^-1(在z>10时可以探测到~3个γ暴yr^-1 sr^-1)。一旦高z伽玛暴被探测到,主要的问题是确保它们的红移。为了这个目的,我们估计他们的近红外余辉通量在相对较早的时间,并评估有效性的后续行动,并构建可用的样本事件与任何即将到来的伽玛射线暴任务,致力于探索高Z宇宙。

英文摘要:

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) are a powerful probe of the high redshift Universe. We present a tool to estimate the detection rate of high-z GRBs by a generic detector with defined energy band and sensitivity. We base this on a population model that reproduces the observed properties of GRBs detected by Swift, Fermi and CGRO in the hard X-ray and gamma-ray bands. We provide the expected cumulative distributions of the flux and fluence of simulated GRBs in different energy bands. We show that scintillator detectors, operating at relatively high energies (e.g. tens of keV to the MeV), can detect only the most luminous GRBs at high redshifts due to the link between the peak spectral energy and the luminosity (Ep-Liso) of GRBs. We show that the best strategy for catching the largest number of high-z bursts is to go softer (e.g. in the soft X-ray band) but with a very high sensitivity. For instance, an imaging soft X-ray detector operating in the 0.2-5 keV energy band reaching a sensitivity, corresponding to a fluence of ~10^-8 erg cm^-2, is expected to detect ~40 GRBs yr^-1 sr^-1 at z>5 (~3 GRBs yr^-1 sr^-1 at z>10). Once high-z GRBs are detected the principal issue is to secure their redshift. To this aim we estimate their NIR afterglow flux at relatively early times and evaluate the effectiveness of following them up and construct usable samples of events with any forthcoming GRB mission dedicated to explore the high-z Universe.

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